FHWA - MUTCD Revision 2 Change List

MUTCD Proposed Revision No. 2 Change List

Introductory Notes to the User:

1. The pages referenced in the change list refer to the 2000 MUTCD Incorporating: Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.

2. The Table of Contents at the beginning of the MUTCD has been changed to list only the Parts and Chapters, but not Sections, Figures, and Tables, and to remove page numbers from this list. The Table of Contents appearing at the beginning of each Part of the MUTCD have been changed to reflect changes in Section, Table, and Figure numbers and titles as well as the changes in page numbers .

Cover and Introduction

1. Cover: For Cover and Cover of Introduction, change: “Incorporating: Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No.1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “ Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page i, Addresses for Publications Referenced in the MUTCD. In the address for American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, change the suite number from: “225” to: “249”; following American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association, insert: “Federal Highway Administration Report Center, Facsimile Number: 301.577.1421”; following Institute of Transportation Engineers, insert: “International Organization for Standards, c/o Mr. Gerard Kuso, Austrian Standards Institute, Heinestrabe 38, Postfach 130, A-1021, Wien, Austria” and “ISEA – The Safety Equipment Association, 1901 N. Moore St., Suite 808, Arlington, VA 22209”; following National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, insert “Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210”; following Transportation Research Board, insert: “U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (The U.S. Access Board), 1131 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20004-1111”.

3. Page I-1, Introduction. Under Standard, change: “Traffic control devices contained in this Manual shall not be protected by a patent or copyright, except for the Interstate Shield.” to: “Traffic control devices contained in this Manual shall not be protected by a patent, trademark, or copyright, except for the Interstate Shield and any other items owned by FHWA.”

4. Page I-2, Table I-1, Evolution of the MUTCD. In Row 11 (opposite Year “2000”), Column 3 (headed “”Month/Year Revised”), change: “6/01” to: “12/01”.

5. Page I-3. Under Support, first paragraph, remove the last sentence: “Section 15-104 of the UVC adopts the MUTCD as the standard for conformance.”; under Standard, in listed item number 2, in the second sentence, change: “All Guidance statements are labeled and the text appears in large type.” to: “All Guidance statements are labeled, and the text appears in large type.”

6. Page I-4. At the end of the Introduction, after Guidance, add a new second Support and an additional Standard:

Support:

The following information will be useful when reference is being made to a specific portion of text in this Manual.

There are ten Parts in this Manual and each part is comprised of one or more Chapters. Each Chapter is comprised of one or more sections. Parts are given a numerical identification, such as Part 2-Signs. Chapters are identified by the Part number and a letter, such as Chapter 2B-Regulatory Signs. Sections are identified by the Chapter number and letter followed by a decimal point and a number, such as Section 2B.03-Size of Regulatory Signs.

Each Section is comprised of one or more paragraphs. The paragraphs are indented but are not identified by a number or letter. Paragraphs are counted from the beginning of each Section without regard to the intervening text headings (Standard, Guidance, Option, or Support). Some paragraphs have lettered or numbered items. As an example of how to cite this Manual, the phrase “Not less than 12 m (40 ft) beyond the stop line” that appears on page 4D-24 of this Manual would be referenced in writing as “Section 4D.15, P7, D1(a),” and would be verbally referenced as “Item D1(a) of Paragraph 7 of Section 4D.15.

Standard:

In accordance with 23 C.F.R. 655.603(b)(1), States or other Federal agencies shall adopt changes to the MUTCD within 2 years of issuance. For new devices or replacement of damaged devices, compliance shall be required effective immediately upon adoption by the State or other Federal agency. For devices in good condition, the following list of special compliance dates shall apply.

Section 2B.03 Size of Regulatory Signs---increased sign sizes and other changes to Table 2B-1---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.04 STOP Sign (R1-1)---4-WAY plaque requirement---January 17, 2004.

Section 2B.16 Removal of R2-5 Series Reduced Speed Ahead signs and use of W3-5 or W3-5a warning signs instead---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.23 Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i)---removal of R3-9c and R3-9e signs---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.32 ONE WAY Signs (R6-1, R6-2)---placement requirement at intersecting alleys---January 17, 2008.

Section 2B.46 Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2, R14-3)---change in sign legend---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.49 High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2007.

Section 2B.50 High-Occupancy Vehicle Sign Applications and Placement---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2007.

Section 2B.51 Photo Enforced Signs (R10-18, R10-19)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.52 Yield Here to Pedestrians Signs (R1-5, R1-5a)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.04 Size of Warning Signs---increased sizes of W4-1, W5-2, W6-3, and W12-1 signs---January 17, 2008.

Section 2C.04 Size of Warning Signs---sizes of W1 Series Arrows signs, W7 Series truck runaway signs, W12-2P low clearance signs, and W10-1 advance grade crossing sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.23 PAVEMENT ENDS Sign (W8-3)---removal of symbol sign---January 17, 2011.

Section 2C.24 Shoulder and UNEVEN LANES Signs (W8-4, W8-9, W8-9a, and W8-11)---removal of symbol signs---January 17, 2011.

Section 2C.28 Merge Signs (W4-1, W4-1a)---Entering Roadway Merge sign (W4-1a)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.29 Added Lane Signs (W4-3, W4-3a)---Entering Roadway Added Lane sign (W4-3a)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.30 Lane Ends Signs (W4-2, W9-1), W9-2)---new design of W4-2 sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.34 Intersection Warning Signs (W2-1 through W2-6)---new design of Circular Intersection (W2-6) sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.37 Nonvehicular Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-11, W11-14, W11-14a, W11-15)---elimination of crosswalk lines from Crossing signs and use of diagonal downward pointing arrow supplemental plaque (W16-7) if at the crossing---January 17, 2011.

Section 2C.37 Nonvehicular Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-11, W11-14, W11-14a, W11-15)---W11-1, W11-14, W11-14a, and W11-5 signs---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.49 PHOTO ENFORCED Plaque (W16-10)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.51 Speed Reduction Signs (W3-5, W3-5a)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.54 Truck Rollover Warning Signs (W1-13, W1-13a)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2D.38 Street Name Sign (D3-1)---letter and symbol sizes, all other provisions---January 9, 2012.

Section 2D.39 Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2)---new section---January 9, 2012.

Section 2D.45 General Service Signs (D9 Series)---Traveler Info Call 511 (D12-5) sign, Channel 9 Monitored (D12-3) sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2D.46 Reference Location Signs (D10-1 through D10-3)---location and spacing of Reference Location signs, design of enhanced location reference sign (D10-7) and intermediate enhanced location reference sign (D10-8)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2E.28 Interchange Exit Numbering---size of exit number plaque---January 17, 2008.

Section 2E.28 Interchange Exit Numbering---LEFT on exit number plaques for left exits---proposed 15 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2E.30 Advance Guide Signs---advance placement distance---January 17, 2008.

Section 2F.05 Size of Lettering---minimum height of letters and numerals on specific service signs--- January 17, 2011.

Section 2I.03 EVACUATION ROUTE Sign (EM-1)---new design and size of EM-1 sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 3B.01 Yellow Centerline Pavement Markings and Warrants---new section in Millennium Edition---January 3, 2003.

Section 3B.07 Warrants for Use of Edge Lines---new section in Millennium Edition---January 3, 2003.

Section 3B.14 Raised Pavement Markers Substituting for Pavement Markings---spacing requirements---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 3C.01 Object Marker Design and Placement Height---width of stripes on Type 3 striped marker---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4D.01 General---location of signalized midblock crosswalks---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4D.05 Application of Steady Signal Indications---item B.4 in STANDARD---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4D.12 Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals---duration of steady red clearance interval in change from red-red flashing mode to steady (stop-and-go) mode---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4E.04 Size, Design, and Illumination of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications---removal of outline-style symbolic pedestrian signal indications---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4E.06 Accessible Pedestrian Signals---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2005.

Section 4E.07 Countdown Pedestrian Signals---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4E.09 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Detectors---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2005.

Section 4E.10 Pedestrian Intervals and Signal Phases---pedestrian clearance time sufficient to travel to far side of the traveled way---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4F.04 Emergency Beacon---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4L.03 In-Roadway Lights at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings and Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossings---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6D.01 Pedestrian Considerations---all new provisions for pedestrian accessibility---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6D.02 Worker Considerations---high-visibility apparel requirements---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6E.02 High-Visibility Clothing---high-visibility apparel requirements for flaggers---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.55 Channelizing Devices---requirements for detectability by users of long canes---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.56 Cones---width of retroreflective stripes---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.60 Type I, II, or III Barricades---provisions for pedestrian accessibility---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.63 Temporary Raised Islands---requirements for pedestrian accessibility---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 7B.08 School Advance Warning Sign (S1-1)--- elimination of crosswalk lines from Crossing signs and use of diagonal downward pointing arrow supplemental plaque (W16-7) if at the crossing---January 17, 2011.

Section 7E.04 Uniform of Adult Guards and Student Patrols---requirement for high-visibility apparel for adult guards---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule

Section 8B.02 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (Crossbuck) Signs (R15-1, R15-2, R15-9)---retroreflective strip on crossbuck support---January 17, 2011.

Section 8B.02 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (Crossbuck) Signs (R15-1, R15-2, R15-9)---Crossbuck Shield sign (R15-9)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 8B.03 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning Signs (W10 Series)--- removal of existing W10-6 series signs---January 17, 2006.

Section 8D.07 Traffic Control Signals at or Near Highway-Rail Grade Crossings---pre-signals---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 9B.04 Bicycle Lane Signs (R3-17, R3-17a, R3-17b)---deletion of preferential lane symbol (diamond) for bicycle lane signs---January 17, 2006.

Section 9B.17 Bicycle Crossing Warning Sign (W11-1)--- elimination of crosswalk lines from Crossing signs and use of diagonal downward pointing arrow supplemental plaque (W16-7) if at the crossing---January 17, 2011.

Chapter 9C Markings---deletion of preferential lane symbol (diamond) for bicycle pavement markings---January 17, 2007.

Part 10 Traffic Controls for Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossings---automatic gates, flashing-light signals, and blank-out signs---January 17, 2006.

Section 10C.15 Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Advance Warning Signs (W10 Series)---removal of existing W10-6 series signs---January 17, 2006.

Part 1

1. Cover. Change: “Incorporating: Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No.1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “ Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page 1A-4, Section 1A.05, Maintenance of Traffic Control Devices. Under Guidance, change: “Physical maintenance of traffic control devices should be performed to ensure that legibility is retained, that the device is visible, and that it functions properly in relation to other traffic control devices in the vicinity.” to: “Physical maintenance of traffic control devices should be performed to ensure that legibility is retained, that the device is visible, and that the device functions properly in relation to other traffic control devices in the vicinity.”; and remove the last two paragraphs of the Guidance in their entirety.

3. Page 1A-7, Section 1A.10, Interpretations, Experimentations, and Changes. Change the first Guidance to a Standard, and change: “Requests for any interpretation, permission to experiment, or change should be sent...” to: “Requests for any interpretation, permission to experiment, interim approval, or change shall be sent...”; under second Guidance, change Item B from “...the need for a revised interpretation” to: ...the need for an interpretation”; under third Support, change: “Requests to experiment include consideration of testing or evaluating a new traffic control device,...” to: “Requests to experiment include consideration of field deployment for the purpose of testing or evaluating a new traffic control device,…”

4. Page 1A-8, Figure 1A-1,, Typical Process for Requesting and Conducting Experimentations for New Traffic Control Devices. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of.”

5. Page 1A-9, Section 1A.10, Interpretations, Experimentations, and Changes. Under Guidance, in listed item E, change: “A legally binding statement certifying that the traffic control device is not protected by a patent or copyright.” to: “A legally binding statement certifying that the concept of the traffic control device is not protected by a patent or copyright.”

6. Page 1A-10, Section 1A.10, Interpretations, Experimentations, and Changes. Under Guidance after Item C, insert:

Support:

Requests for interim approval include consideration of allowing interim use, pending official rulemaking, of a new traffic control device, a revision to the application or manner of use of an existing traffic control device, or a provision not specifically described in this Manual. If granted, interim approval will result in the traffic control device or application being placed into the next scheduled rulemaking process for revisions to this Manual. The device or application will be permitted to remain in place, under any conditions established in the interim approval, until an official rulemaking action has occurred.

Interim approval is considered based on the results of successful experimentation, results of analytical or laboratory studies, and/or review of non-U.S. experience with a traffic control device or application. Interim approval considerations include an assessment of relative risks, benefits, and costs. Interim approval includes conditions that jurisdictions agree to comply with in order to use the traffic control device or application until an official rulemaking action has occurred.

Standard:

A request for interim approval will be considered only when submitted by the public agency or private toll facility responsible for the operations of the road or street on which the use of a device or application under interim approval is to take place.

Guidance:

The request for permission to place a traffic control device under interim approval should contain the following:

A. A statement indicating the nature of the problem.

B. A description of the proposed change to the traffic control device or application of the traffic control device, how it was developed, the manner in which it deviates from the standard, and how it is expected to be an improvement over existing standards.

C. The location(s) where it will be used and any illustration that would be helpful

to understand the traffic control device or use of the traffic control device.

D. A legally-binding statement certifying that the concept of the traffic control

device is not protected by a patent or copyright.

E. A detailed completed research or evaluation on this traffic control device.

F. An agreement to restore the site(s) of the interim approval to a condition

that complies with the provisions of the Manual within 3 months following

the issuance of a final rule on this traffic control device. This agreement

must also provide that the agency sponsoring the interim approval will

terminate use of the device or application installed under the interim approval

at any time that it determines significant safety concerns are directly or

indirectly attributable to the device or application. The FHWA’s Office of

Transportation Operations has the right to terminate the interim approval at

any time if there is an indication of safety concerns.

Option:

A state may submit a request for interim approval for all jurisdictions in that State, as long as the request contains the information listed in the Guidance above.

Standard:

Once an interim approval is granted to any jurisdiction for a particular traffic control device or application, subsequent jurisdictions shall be granted interim approval for that device or application by submitting a letter to the FHWA Office of Transportation Operations indicating they will abide by item F above and the specific conditions contained in the original interim approval.

A local jurisdiction using a traffic control device or application under an interim approval that was granted either directly to that jurisdiction or on a statewide basis based on the State’s request shall inform the State of the locations of such use.

7. Page 1A-10, Section 1A.11, Relation to Other Documents. Under Standard, change:

“Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings,”1977 Edition (FHWA); “Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs,” 1966 Edition (FHWA); “Standard Color Tolerance Limits,” (FHWA); and “Standard Highway Signs,” 1979 Edition (FHWA).”

to:

“Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings,” 2002 Edition (FHWA); “Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs,” 2002 Edition (FHWA); “Color Specifications for Retroreflective Sign and Pavement Marking Materials,” (FHWA); and “Standard Highway Signs,” 2002 Edition (FHWA)”;

under Support, change:

A. “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads,” Part 1 – 1985 Edition; Part 2 – 1998 Edition (Institute of Transportation Engineers – (ITE)

B. “Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications,” 1985 Edition (ITE)

C. “Purchase Specification for Flashing and Steady Burn Warning Lights,” 1981 Edition (ITE)

D. “Traffic Signal Lamps,” 1980 Edition (ITE)

to:

1. “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” 2001 Edition (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials – AASHTO)

2. “Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities,” 1999 Edition (AASHTO)

3. “Guide to Metric Conversion,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

4. “Guidelines for the Selection of Supplemental Guide Signs for Traffic Generators Adjacent to Freeways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)”

8. Page 1A-11, Figure 1A-2, Typical Process for Incorporating New Traffic Control Devices Into the MUTCD. In the Figure title, change title from: “Typical” to: “Example of”; Replace the flowchart with a new flowchart, laid out as follows:

1^st row is comprised of 3 action boxes: “Experiment Successful (see Figure 1A-1)”; “Analytical or Laboratory Study Results and/or non-U.S. experimentation”; and “Request for change from jurisdiction or interested party.”

Boxes in 1^st row all flow to single action box in 2^nd row: “FHWA Review.”

2^nd row box flows to question diamond in 3^rd row: “Accepted for Federal rulemaking?” The NO response flows to a second question diamond in 3^rd row: “Further experimentation required?” The NO response flows to action box: “Jurisdiction restores experiment site to original condition.” The YES response flows to action box: “See Figure 1A-1.”

The YES response to 3^rd row “Accepted for Federal rulemaking?” splits flow into two tiers, beginning the 4^th row and flowing parallel to each other.

Tier 1 flows to a question diamond: “Interim approval?” The NO response flows to an action box: “FHWA notifies interested parties (if any).” The YES response flows to a series of action boxes, in order: “FHWA notifies all States and distributes simplified application form for submission by jurisdictions”; “Jurisdictions apply for and receive Interim Approval”; “Jurisdictions deploy devices under Interim Approval conditions.”

Tier 2 flows to a series of action boxes, in order: “FHWA prepares Notice of Proposed Amendment”; FHWA publishes Notice of Proposed Amendment in Federal Register”; “Docket comment period”; “FHWA reviews comments”; “FHWA prepares Final Rule”; “FHWA publishes Final Rule.”

The flow of Tier 2 then splits: One direction flows to a final action box: “States adopt changes within 2 years, unless otherwise noted in Final Rule.”

Second flow direction meets the end of the flow of Tier 1, and flows to a question diamond: “Final Rule different from Interim Approval?” The NO response flows to a final action box: “No action required.” The YES response flows to a final action box: “Jurisdictions restore sites of Interim Approval to previous condition and/or comply with Final Rule.”

9. Page 1A-12, Section 1A.11, Relation to Other Documents. Under Support, change:

E. “Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) and Model Traffic Ordinance,” 1992 Edition (National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances)

F. “Traffic Engineering Handbook,” 1999 Edition (ITE)

G. “Highway Capacity Manual,” 1998 Edition (Transportation Research Board – TRB)

H. “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Streets,” 1994 Edition (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials – AASHTO)

I. “Guidelines for the Selection of Supplemental Guide Signs for Traffic Generators Adjacent to Freeways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

J. “List of Control Cities for Use in Guide Signs on Interstate Highways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

K. “Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies,” 1994 Edition (ITE)

L. “Roadside Design Guide,” 1996 Edition (AASHTO)

M. “School Trip Safety Program Guidelines,” 1984 Edition (ITE)

N. “Manual of Traffic Signal Design,” 1991 Edition (ITE)

O. “Traffic Detector Handbook,” 1991 Edition (ITE)

P. “2000 AREMA Communications & Signals Manual,” American Railway Engineering & Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA)

Q. “Preemption of Traffic Signals at or Near Railroad Grade Crossings with Active Warning Devices,” (ITE)

R. “Highway-Rail Intersection Architecture,” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (USDOT/FRA)

S. “Practice for Roadway Lighting,” RP-8, 1983, Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)

T. “Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of Commercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps),” Safety Library Publication No. 20, Institute of Makers of Explosives

U. “Accessible Pedestrian Signals,” A-37, U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (The U. S. Access Board)

to:

5. “List of Control Cities for Use in Guide Signs on Interstate Highways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

6. “Roadside Design Guide,” 1996 Edition (AASHTO)

7. “Standard Specifications for Movable Highway Bridges,” 1988 Edition (AASHTO)

8. “Traffic Engineering Metric Conversion Folders – Addendum to the Guide to Metric Conversion,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

9. “2000 AREMA Communications & Signals Manual,” American Railway Engineering & Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA)

10. “Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access – Part 2 – Best Practices Design Guide,” 2001 Edition (FHWA) [Publication No. FHWA – EP – 01 – 027]

11. “Practice for Roadway Lighting,” RP-8, 1983, Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)

12. “Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of Commercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps),” Safety Library Publication No. 20, Institute of Makers of Explosives

13. “American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel,” (ANSI/ISEA 107-1999), 1999 Edition, ISEA – The Safety Equipment Association

14. “Manual of Traffic Signal Design,” 1991 Edition (Institute of Transportation Engineers - ITE)

15. “Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies,” 1994 Edition (ITE)

16. “Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications,” 1985 Edition (ITE)

17. “Preemption of Traffic Signals at or Near Railroad Grade Crossings with Active Warning Devices,” (ITE)

18. “Purchase Specification for Flashing and Steady Burn Warning Lights,” 1981 Edition (ITE)

19. “School Trip Safety Program Guidelines,” 1984 Edition (ITE)

20. “Traffic Detector Handbook,” 1991 Edition (ITE)

21. “Traffic Engineering Handbook,” 1999 Edition (ITE)

22. “Traffic Signal Lamps,” 1980 Edition (ITE)

23. “Traffic Control Devices Handbook,” 2001 Edition (ITE)

24. “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads,” Part 1 – 1985 Edition; Part 2 - 1998 Edition (ITE)

25. “Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) and Model Traffic Ordinance,” 1992 Edition (National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances)

26. “Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulations (Standards – 29 CFR), General Safety and Health Provisions – 1926.20” amended June 30, 1993, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

27. “Highway Capacity Manual,” 1998 Edition (Transportation Research Board – TRB)

28. “Recommended Procedures for The Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features,” (NCHRP Report 350), 1993 Edition (Transportation Research Board – TRB)

29. “Accessible Pedestrian Signals,” A-37, U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (The U.S. Access Board)

30. “Building a True Community – Final Report – Public Rights-of-Way Access Advisory Committee (PRWAAC),” 2001 Edition (The U.S. Access Board)

31. “The Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG),” July 1998 Edition (The U.S. Access Board)

32. “Highway-Rail Intersection Architecture,” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (USDOT/FRA)

10. Page 1A-12, Section 1A.12, Color Code. Under Support, change: “The following color code establishes general meanings for 9 colors of a total of 12 colors…” to: “The following color code establishes general meanings for 10 colors of a total of 12 colors…”

11. Page 1A-13, Section 1A.12, Color Code. Under Support, change: “The three colors for which general meanings…” to: “The two colors for which general meanings...” Under Standard, change:

A. Yellow – warning

B. Red – stop or prohibition

C. Blue – road user services guidance, tourist information, and evacuation route

D. Green – indicated movements permitted, direction guidance

E. Brown – recreational and cultural interest area guidance

F. Orange – temporary traffic control

G. Black – regulation

H. White – regulation

I. Fluorescent Yellow-Green – pedestrian warning, bicycle warning, school bus and school warning

J. Purple – unassigned

K. Light Blue – unassigned

L. Coral – unassigned

to:

A. Black – regulation

B. Blue – road user services guidance, tourist information, and evacuation route

C. Brown – recreational and cultural interest area guidance

D. Coral – incident management

E. Fluorescent Yellow-Green – pedestrian warning, bicycle warning, school bus and school warning

F. Green – indicated movements permitted, direction guidance

G. Light Blue – unassigned

H. Orange – temporary traffic control

I. Purple – unassigned

J. Red – stop or prohibition

K. White – regulation

L. Yellow – warning

12. Pages 1A-14 through 1A-22, Section 1A.13, Definitions of Words and Phrases in This Manual. Under Standard, change:

1. Active Grade Crossing Warning System – the flashing-light signals, with or without warning gates, together with the necessary control equipment used to inform road users of the approach or presence of trains at highway-rail grade crossings.

2. Approach – all lanes of traffic moving towards an intersection or a midblock location from one direction, including any adjacent parking lane(s).

3. Arterial Highway (Street) – a general term denoting a highway primarily used by through traffic, usually on a continuous route or a highway designated as part of an arterial system.

4. Average Day – a day representing traffic volumes normally and repeatedly found at a location, typically a weekday when volumes are influenced by employment or a weekend when volumes are influenced by entertainment or recreation.

5. Beacon -- a highway traffic signal with one or more signal sections that operates in a flashing mode.

6. Bicycle -- a pedal-powered vehicle upon which the human operator sits.

7. Bicycle Lane – a portion of a roadway that has been designated by signs and pavement markings for preferential or exclusive use by bicyclists.

8. Centerline Markings – the yellow pavement marking line(s) that delineates the separation of traffic lanes that have opposite directions of travel on a roadway. These markings need not be at the geometrical center of the pavement.

9. Changeable Message Signs – signs that are capable of displaying more than one message, changeable manually, by remote control, or by automatic control. These signs are referred to as Dynamic Message Signs in the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture.

10. Channelizing Line Marking – a wide or double solid white line used to form islands where traffic in the same direction of travel is permitted on both sides of the island.

11. Circular Intersection – an intersection that has an island, generally circular in design, located in the center of the intersection where traffic passes to the right of the island. Circular intersections include roundabouts, rotaries, and traffic circles.

12. Clear Zone – the total roadside border area, starting at the edge of the traveled way, that is wide enough to allow an errant driver to stop or regain control of a vehicle. This area might consist of a shoulder, a recoverable slope, and/or a nonrecoverable, traversable slope with a clear run-out area at its toe.

13. Concurrent Flow HOV Lane – an HOV lane that is operated in the same direction as the adjacent mixed flow lanes, separated from the adjacent general purpose freeway lanes by a standard lane stripe, painted buffer, or barrier.

14. Contraflow Lane – a lane operating in a direction opposite to the normal flow of traffic designated for peak direction of travel during at least a portion of the day. Contraflow lanes are usually separated from the off-peak direction lanes by plastic pylons, or by moveable or permanent barrier.

15. Conventional Road – a street or highway other than a low-volume road (as defined in Section 5A.01), expressway, or freeway.

16. Collector Highway – a term denoting a highway that in rural areas connects small towns and local highways to arterial highways, and in urban areas provides land access and traffic circulation within residential, commercial and business areas and connects local highways to the arterial highways.

17. Crosswalk – (a) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway, and in the absence of a sidewalk on one side of the roadway, the part of a roadway included within the extension of the lateral lines of the sidewalk at right angles to the centerline; (b) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface.

18. Crosswalk Lines – white pavement marking lines that identify a crosswalk.

19. Delineators – retroreflective devices mounted on the roadway surface or at the side of the roadway in a series to indicate the alignment of the roadway, especially at night or in adverse weather.

20. Dynamic Envelope – the clearance required for the train and its cargo overhang due to any combination of loading, lateral motion, or suspension failure.

21. Edge Line Markings – white or yellow pavement marking lines that delineate the right or left edge(s) of a traveled way.

22. End-of-Roadway Marker – a device used to warn and alert road users of the end of a roadway in other than temporary traffic control zones.

23. Engineering Judgment – the evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. Engineering judgment shall be exercised by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. Documentation of engineering judgment is not required.

24. Engineering Study – the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. An engineering study shall be performed by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. An engineering study shall be documented.

25. Expressway – a divided highway with partial control of access.

26. Flashing (Flashing Mode) – a mode of operation in which a traffic signal indication is turned on and off repetitively.

27. Freeway – a divided highway with full control of access.

28. Guide Sign – a sign that shows route designations, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other geographical, recreational, or cultural information.

29. High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) – a motor vehicle carrying at least two or more persons, including carpools, vanpools, and buses.

30. Highway – a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of travel by vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

31. Highway-Rail Grade Crossing – the general area where a highway and a railroad’s right-of-way cross at the same level, within which are included the railroad tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for highway traffic traversing that area.

32. Highway Traffic Signal – a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include power-operated signs, illuminated pavement markers, barricade warning lights, or steady burning electric lamps.

33. HOV Lane – any preferential lane designated for exclusive use by high-occupancy vehicles for all or part of a day – including a designated lane on a freeway, other highway, street, or independent roadway on a separate right-of-way.

34. Interchange – a system of interconnecting roadways providing for traffic movement between two or more highways that do not intersect at grade.

35. Intermediate Interchange – an interchange with an urban or rural route that is not a major or minor interchange as defined herein.

36. Intersection – (a) the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle may come into conflict; (b) the junction of an alley or driveway with a roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection.

37. Island – a defined area between traffic lanes for control of vehicular movements or for pedestrian refuge. It includes all end protection and approach treatments. Within an intersection area, a median or an outer separation is considered to be an island.

38. Lane Line Markings – white pavement marking lines that delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have the same direction of travel on a roadway.

39. Lane-Use Control Signal – a signal face displaying indications to permit or prohibit the use of specific lanes of a roadway or to indicate the impending prohibition of such use.

40. Legend – see Sign Legend.

41. Logo – a distinctive emblem, symbol, or trademark that identifies a product or service.

42. Longitudinal Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed parallel and adjacent to the flow of traffic such as lane lines, centerlines, edge lines, channelizing lines, and others.

43. Major Interchange – an interchange with another freeway or expressway, or an interchange with a high-volume multilane highway, principal urban arterial, or major rural route where the interchanging traffic is heavy or includes many road users unfamiliar with the area.

44. Major Street – the street normally carrying the higher volume of vehicular traffic.

45. Median – the area between two roadways of a divided highway measured from edge of traveled way to edge of traveled way. The median excludes turn lanes. The median width might be different between intersections, interchanges, and at opposite approaches of the same intersection.

46. Minor Interchange – an interchange where traffic is local and very light, such as interchanges with land service access roads. Where the sum of the exit volumes is estimated to be lower than 100 vehicles per day in the design year, the interchange is classified as local.

47. Minor Street – the street normally carrying the lower volume of vehicular traffic.

48. Object Markers - devices used to mark obstructions within or adjacent to the roadway.

49. Occupancy Requirement – any restriction that regulates the use of a facility for any period of the day based on a specified number of persons in a vehicle.

50. Occupants – the people driving or riding in a car, truck, bus, or other vehicle.

51. Paved – a bituminous surface treatment, mixed bituminous concrete, or Portland cement concrete roadway surface that has both a structural (weight bearing) and a sealing purpose for the roadway.

52. Pedestrian – a person afoot, in a wheelchair, on skates, or on a skateboard.

53. Platoon – a group of vehicles or pedestrians traveling together as a group, either voluntarily or involuntarily, because of traffic signal controls, geometrics, or other factors.

54. Preferential Lane Marking – white lines formed in a diamond shape.

55. Principal Legend – place names, street names, and route numbers placed on guide signs.

56. Public Road – any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public agency and open to public travel.

57. Raised Pavement Marker – a device with a height of at least 10 mm (0.4 in) mounted on or in a road surface and intended to supplement or substitute for pavement markings.

58. Regulatory Signs – a sign that gives notice to road users of traffic laws or regulations.

59. Retroreflectivity – a property of a surface that allows a large portion of the light coming from a point source to be returned directly back to a point near its origin.

60. Right-of-Way [Assignment] – the permitting of vehicles and/or pedestrians to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to other vehicles or pedestrians by the display of sign or signal indications.

61. Road – see Roadway.

62. Roadway – that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, but exclusive of the sidewalk, berm, or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm, or shoulder is used by persons riding bicycles or other human-powered vehicles. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways, the term roadway as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately, but not to all such roadways collectively.

63. Roadway Network – a geographical arrangement of intersecting roadways.

64. Road User – a vehicle operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian within the highway, including workers in temporary traffic control zones.

65. Rumble Strip – a series of intermittent, narrow, transverse areas of rough-textured, slightly raised, or depressed road surface that is installed to alert road users to unusual traffic conditions.

66. Rural Highway – a type of roadway normally characterized by lower volumes, higher speeds, fewer turning conflicts, and less conflict with pedestrians.

67. Shared Roadway – a roadway that is officially designated and marked as a bicycle route, but which is open to motor vehicle travel and upon which no bicycle lane is designated.

68. Shared-Use Path – a bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent alignment. Shared-used paths might also be used by pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair users, joggers, and other nonmotorized users.

69. Sidewalk – that portion of a street between the curb line, or the lateral line of a roadway, and the adjacent property line or on easements of private property, intended for use by pedestrians.

70. Sign – any traffic control device that is intended to communicate specific information to road users through a word or symbol legend. Signs do not include traffic control signals, pavement markings, delineators, or channelization devices.

71. Sign Assembly – a group of signs, located on the same support(s), that supplement one another in conveying information to road users.

72. Sign Illumination – either internal or external lighting that shows similar color by day or night. Street, highway, or strobe lighting shall not be considered as meeting this definition.

73. Sign Legend – all word messages, logos, and symbol designs that are intended to convey specific meanings.

74. Sign Panel – a separate panel or piece of material containing a word or symbol legend that is affixed to the face of a sign.

75. Speed – speed is defined based on the following classifications:

(a) Advisory Speed – a recommended speed for all highway vehicles operating on a section of highway and based on the highway design, operating characteristics, and conditions.

(b) Average Speed – the summation of the instantaneous or spot-measured speeds at a specific location of vehicles divided by the number of vehicles observed.

(d) 85th-Percentile Speed – The speed at or below which 85 percent of the motorized vehicles travel.

(e) Operating Speed – a speed at which a typical vehicle or the overall traffic operates. Operating speed may be defined with speed values such as the average, pace, or 85th percentile speeds.

(f) Pace Speed – the highest speed within a specific range of speeds that represents more vehicles than in any other like range of speed. The range of speeds typically used is 10 km/h or 10 mph.

(g) Posted Speed – the speed limit determined by law and shown on Speed Limit signs.

(h) Statutory Speed – a speed limit established by legislative action that typically is applicable for highways with specified design, functional, jurisdictional and/or location characteristic and is not necessarily shown on Speed Limit signs.

76. Speed Limit – the maximum (or minimum) speed applicable to a section of highway as established by law.

77. Speed Measurement Marking – a white transverse pavement marking placed on the roadway to assist the enforcement of speed regulations.

78. Speed Zone – a section of highway with a speed limit that is established by law but which may be different from a legislatively specified statutory speed limit.

79. Stop Line – a solid white pavement marking line extending across approach lanes to indicate the point at which a stop is intended or required to be made.

80. Street – see Highway.

81. Temporary Traffic Control Zone – an area of a highway where road user conditions are changed because of a work zone or incident by the use of temporary traffic control devices, flaggers, police, or other authorized personnel.

82. Traffic – pedestrians, bicyclists, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, and other conveyances either singularly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel.

83. Traffic Control Devices – all signs, signals, markings, and other devices used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, pedestrian facility, or bicycle path by authority of a public agency having jurisdiction.

84. Traffic Control Signal (Traffic Signal) – any highway traffic signal by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed.

85. Train – one or more locomotives coupled, with or without cars, that operates on rails or tracks and to which all other traffic must yield the right-of-way by law at highway-rail grade crossings.

86. Transverse Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed perpendicular and across the flow of traffic such as shoulder markings, word and symbol markings, stop lines, crosswalk lines, speed measurement markings, parking space markings, and others.

87. Traveled Way – the portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of the shoulders, berms, sidewalks, and parking lanes.

88. Urban Street—a type of street normally characterized by relatively low speeds, wide ranges of traffic volumes, narrower lanes, frequent intersections and driveways, significant pedestrian traffic, and more businesses and houses.

89. Vehicle – every device in, upon, or by which any person or property can be transported or drawn upon a highway, except trains and light rail transit operating in exclusive or semiexclusive alignments. Light rail transit operating in a mixed-use alignment, to which other traffic is not required to yield the right-of-way by law, is a vehicle.

90 Warning Sign – a sign that gives notice to road users of a situation that might not be readily apparent.

91. Warrant – a warrant describes threshold conditions to the engineer in evaluating the potential safety and operational benefits of traffic control devices and is based upon average or normal conditions. Warrants are not a substitute for engineering judgment. The fact that a warrant for a particular traffic control device is met is not conclusive justification for the installation of the device.

92. Wrong-Way Arrows – slender, elongated, white pavement marking arrows placed upstream from the ramp terminus to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong-way arrows are intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction.

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2. Approach – all lanes of traffic moving towards an intersection or a midblock location from one direction, including any adjacent parking lane(s).

3. Arterial Highway (Street) – a general term denoting a highway primarily used by through traffic, usually on a continuous route or a highway designated as part of an arterial system.

4. Average Day – a day representing traffic volumes normally and repeatedly found at a location, typically a weekday when volumes are influenced by employment or a weekend day when volumes are influenced by entertainment or recreation.

5. Beacon –a highway traffic signal, vehicle hazard warning signal, or temporary traffic control warning light that operates in a flashing mode.

6. Bicycle –a pedal-powered vehicle upon which the human operator sits.

7. Bicycle Lane – a portion of a roadway that has been designated by signs and pavement markings for preferential or exclusive use by bicyclists.

9. Changeable Message Sign – a sign that is capable of displaying more than one message, changeable manually, by remote control, or by automatic control. These signs are referred to as Dynamic Message Signs in the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture.

10. Channelizing Line Marking – a wide or double solid white line used to form islands where traffic in the same direction of travel is permitted on both sides of the island.

12. Clear Zone – the total roadside border area, starting at the edge of the traveled way, that is available for an errant driver to stop or regain control of a vehicle. This area might consist of a shoulder, a recoverable slope, and/or a nonrecoverable, traversable slope with a clear run-out area at its toe.

15. Conventional Road – a street or highway other than a low-volume road (as defined in Section 5A.01), expressway, or freeway.

17. Crashworthy – a characteristic of a roadside appurtenance that has been successfully crash tested in accordance with a national standard such as National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 350, “Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features.”

18. Crosswalk –(a) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway, and in the absence of a sidewalk on one side of the roadway, the part of a roadway included within the extension of the lateral lines of the sidewalk at right angles to the centerline; (b) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated as a pedestrian crossing by lines on the surface, which may be supplemented by contrasting pavement texture, style, or color.

19. Crosswalk Lines – white pavement marking lines that identify a crosswalk.

20. Delineator – a retroreflective device mounted on the roadway surface or at the side of the roadway in a series to indicate the alignment of the roadway, especially at night or in adverse weather.

21. Detectable – having a continuous edge within 150 mm (6 in) of the surface so that pedestrians who have visual disabilities can sense its presence and receive usable guidance information.

22. Dynamic Envelope – the clearance required for the train and its cargo overhang due to any combination of loading, lateral motion, or suspension failure.

23. Edge Line Markings – white or yellow pavement marking lines that delineate the right or left edge(s) of a traveled way.

24. End-of-Roadway Marker – a device used to warn and alert road users of the end of a roadway in other than temporary traffic control zones.

25. Engineering Judgment – the evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. Engineering judgment shall be exercised by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. Documentation of engineering judgment is not required.

26. Engineering Study – the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. An engineering study shall be performed by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. An engineering study shall be documented.

27. Expressway – a divided highway with partial control of access.

28. Flashing – an operation in which a signal indication is turned on and off repetitively.

29. Freeway – a divided highway with full control of access.

30. Guide Sign – a sign that shows route designations, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other geographical, recreational, or cultural information.

31. High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) – a motor vehicle carrying at least two or more persons, including carpools, vanpools, and buses.

32. Highway – a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of travel by vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

33. Highway-Rail Grade Crossing – the general area where a highway and a railroad’s right-of-way cross at the same level, within which are included the railroad tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for highway traffic traversing that area.

34. Highway Traffic Signal – a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include signals at toll plazas, power-operated signs, illuminated pavement markers, warning lights (see Section 6F.74), or steady burning electric lamps.

35. HOV Lane – any preferential lane designated for exclusive use by high-occupancy vehicles for all or part of a day – including a designated lane on a freeway, other highway, street, or independent roadway on a separate right-of-way.

36. Inherently Low Emission Vehicle (ILEV) – any kind of vehicle that, because of inherent properties of the fuel system design, will not have significant evaporative emissions, even if its evaporative emission control system has failed.

37. Interchange – a system of interconnecting roadways providing for traffic movement between two or more highways that do not intersect at grade.

38. Intermediate Interchange – an interchange with an urban or rural route that is not a major or minor interchange as defined herein.

39. Intersection – (a) the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle might come into conflict; (b) the junction of an alley or driveway with a roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection.

40. Island – a defined area between traffic lanes for control of vehicular movements or for pedestrian refuge. It includes all end protection and approach treatments. Within an intersection area, a median or an outer separation is considered to be an island.

41. Lane Line Markings – white pavement marking lines that delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have the same direction of travel on a roadway.

42. Lane-Use Control Signal – a signal face displaying indications to permit or prohibit the use of specific lanes of a roadway or to indicate the impending prohibition of such use.

43. Legend – see Sign Legend.

44. Logo – a distinctive emblem, symbol, or trademark that identifies a product or service.

45. Longitudinal Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed parallel and adjacent to the flow of traffic such as lane lines, centerlines, edge lines, channelizing lines, and others.

46. Major Interchange – an interchange with another freeway or expressway, or an interchange with a high-volume multilane highway, principal urban arterial, or major rural route where the interchanging traffic is heavy or includes many road users unfamiliar with the area.

47. Major Street – the street normally carrying the higher volume of vehicular traffic.

48. Median – the area between two roadways of a divided highway measured from edge of traveled way to edge of traveled way. The median excludes turn lanes. The median width might be different between intersections, interchanges, and at opposite approaches of the same intersection.

49. Minor Interchange – an interchange where traffic is local and very light, such as interchanges with land service access roads. Where the sum of the exit volumes is estimated to be lower than 100 vehicles per day in the design year, the interchange is classified as local.

50. Minor Street – the street normally carrying the lower volume of vehicular traffic.

51. Object Marker – a device used to mark obstructions within or adjacent to the roadway.

52. Occupancy Requirement – any restriction that regulates the use of a facility for any period of the day based on a specified number of persons in a vehicle.

53. Occupant – a person driving or riding in a car, truck, bus, or other vehicle.

54. Paved – a bituminous surface treatment, mixed bituminous concrete, or Portland cement concrete roadway surface that has both a structural (weight bearing) and a sealing purpose for the roadway.

55. Pedestrian – a person afoot, in a wheelchair, on skates, or on a skateboard.

56. Pedestrian Facilities – a general term denoting improvements and provisions made by public agencies to accommodate or encourage walking.

57. Platoon – a group of vehicles or pedestrians traveling together as a group, either voluntarily or involuntarily, because of traffic signal controls, geometrics, or other factors.

58. Principal Legend – place names, street names, and route numbers placed on guide signs.

59. Public Road – any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public agency and open to public travel.

60. Raised Pavement Marker – a device with a height of at least 10 mm (0.4 in) mounted on or in a road surface and intended to supplement or substitute for pavement markings.

61. Regulatory Sign – a sign that gives notice to road users of traffic laws or regulations.

62. Retroreflectivity – a property of a surface that allows a large portion of the light coming from a point source to be returned directly back to a point near its origin.

63. Right-of-Way [Assignment] – the permitting of vehicles and/or pedestrians to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to other vehicles or pedestrians by the display of sign or signal indications.

64. Road – see Roadway.

65. Roadway – that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, but exclusive of the sidewalk, berm, or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm, or shoulder is used by persons riding bicycles or other human-powered vehicles. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways, the term roadway as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately, but not to all such roadways collectively.

66. Roadway Network – a geographical arrangement of intersecting roadways.

67. Road User – a vehicle operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian within the highway, including workers in temporary traffic control zones.

68. Roundabout Intersection – a circular intersection with yield control of all entering traffic, channelized approaches, and appropriate geometric curvature to ensure that travel speeds on the circulatory roadway are typically less than 50 km/h (30 mph).

69. Rumble Strip – a series of intermittent, narrow, transverse areas of rough-textured, slightly raised, or depressed road surface that is installed to alert road users to unusual traffic conditions.

70. Rural Highway – a type of roadway normally characterized by lower volumes, higher speeds, fewer turning conflicts, and less conflict with pedestrians.

71. Shared Roadway – a roadway that is officially designated and marked as a bicycle route, but which is open to motor vehicle travel and upon which no bicycle lane is designated.

72. Shared-Use Path – a bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent alignment. Shared-used paths might also be used by pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair users, joggers, and other nonmotorized users.

73. Sidewalk – that portion of a street between the curb line, or the lateral line of a roadway, and the adjacent property line or on easements of private property, intended for use by pedestrians.

74. Sign – any traffic control device that is intended to communicate specific information to road users through a word or symbol legend. Signs do not include traffic control signals, pavement markings, delineators, or channelization devices.

75. Sign Assembly – a group of signs, located on the same support(s), that supplement one another in conveying information to road users.

76. Sign Illumination – either internal or external lighting that shows similar color by day or night. Street, highway, or strobe lighting shall not be considered as meeting this definition.

77. Sign Legend – all word messages, logos, and symbol designs that are intended to convey specific meanings.

78. Sign Panel – a separate panel or piece of material containing a word or symbol legend that is affixed to the face of a sign.

79. Speed – speed is defined based on the following classifications:

(a) Advisory Speed – a recommended speed for all highway vehicles operating on a section of highway and based on the highway design, operating characteristics, and conditions.

(b) Average Speed – the summation of the instantaneous or spot-measured speeds at a specific location of vehicles divided by the number of vehicles observed.

(d) 85th-Percentile Speed – The speed at or below which 85 percent of the motorized vehicles travel.

(e) Operating Speed – a speed at which a typical vehicle or the overall traffic operates. Operating speed may be defined with speed values such as the average, pace, or 85th percentile speeds.

(f) Pace Speed – the highest speed within a specific range of speeds that represents more vehicles than in any other like range of speed. The range of speeds typically used is 10 km/h or 10 mph.

(g) Posted Speed – the speed limit determined by law and shown on Speed Limit signs.

80. Speed Limit – the maximum (or minimum) speed applicable to a section of highway as established by law.

81. Speed Measurement Marking – a white transverse pavement marking placed on the roadway to assist the enforcement of speed regulations.

82. Speed Zone – a section of highway with a speed limit that is established by law but which might be different from a legislatively specified statutory speed limit.

83. Stop Line – a solid white pavement marking line extending across approach lanes to indicate the point at which a stop is intended or required to be made.

84. Street – see Highway.

85. Temporary Traffic Control Zone – an area of a highway where road user conditions are changed because of a work zone or incident by the use of temporary traffic control devices, flaggers, police, or other authorized personnel.

86. Traffic – pedestrians, bicyclists, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, and other conveyances either singularly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel.

87. Traffic Control Device – a sign, signal, marking, or other device used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, pedestrian facility, or bicycle path by authority of a public agency having jurisdiction.

88. Traffic Control Signal (Traffic Signal) – any highway traffic signal by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed.

89. Train – one or more locomotives coupled, with or without cars, that operates on rails or tracks and to which all other traffic must yield the right-of-way by law at highway-rail grade crossings.

90. Transverse Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed perpendicular and across the flow of traffic such as shoulder markings, word and symbol markings, stop lines, crosswalk lines, speed measurement markings, parking space markings, and others.

91. Traveled Way – the portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of the shoulders, berms, sidewalks, and parking lanes.

92. Urban Street—a type of street normally characterized by relatively low speeds, wide ranges of traffic volumes, narrower lanes, frequent intersections and driveways, significant pedestrian traffic, and more businesses and houses.

93. Vehicle – every device in, upon, or by which any person or property can be transported or drawn upon a highway, except trains and light rail transit operating in exclusive or semiexclusive alignments. Light rail transit operating in a mixed-use alignment, to which other traffic is not required to yield the right-of-way by law, is a vehicle.

94 Warning Sign – a sign that gives notice to road users of a situation that might not be readily apparent.

95. Warrant – a warrant describes threshold conditions to the engineer in evaluating the potential safety and operational benefits of traffic control devices and is based upon average or normal conditions. Warrants are not a substitute for engineering judgment. The fact that a warrant for a particular traffic control device is met is not conclusive justification for the installation of the device.

96. Wrong-Way Arrow – a slender, elongated, white pavement marking arrow placed upstream from the ramp terminus to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong-way arrows are intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction.

13. Page 1A-23, Section 1A.14, Abbreviations Used on Traffic Control Devices. Under first Standard, change: “When abbreviations are needed for traffic control devices, the abbreviations shown in Table 1A-1 shall be used.” to: “When the word messages shown in Table 1A-1 need to be abbreviated in connection with traffic control devices, the abbreviations shown in Table 1A-1 shall be used.”; under second Standard, change: “The abbreviations shown in Table 1A-3 shall not be used in connection with traffic control device because of their potential to be misinterpreted by road users.” to: “The abbreviations shown in Table 1A-3 shall not be used in connection with traffic control devices because of their potential to be misinterpreted by road users.”; after the second Standard, add a second Guidance: “Where multiple abbreviations are permitted in Tables 1A-1 or 1A-2, the same abbreviation should be used throughout a single jurisdiction.”

14. Page 1A-24, Table 1A-1, Acceptable Abbreviations. Replace the existing table in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 1A-1 include: adding abbreviations for the word messages Circle, Court, Inherently Low Emission Vehicle, Parkway, Place, Terrace, Trail, and Vehicle; and changing the abbreviations for the word messages Eastbound, Northbound, Southbound, and Westbound.

15. Page 1A-25, Table 1A-2, Abbreviations That Are Acceptable Only with a Prompt Word. Replace the existing table in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 1A-2 include: adding a row for the word Chemical; and removing the rows for the words Eastbound, Northbound, Southbound, Vehicle, and Westbound.

Part 2

1. Cover of Part 2. Change: “Incorporating: Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page 2A-3, Section 2A.06, Design of Signs. Under Support, in the second paragraph change: “In the specifications for individual signs, the legend, color, and size are shown in the accompanying tables…” to: “In the specifications for individual signs, the general appearance of the legend, color, and size are shown in the accompanying tables…”

3. Page 2A-4, Section 2A.06, Design of Signs. Under Standard, add a new fifth paragraph: “Unless otherwise stated in this Manual for a specific sign, phone numbers or Internet addresses shall not be shown on any sign, supplemental plaque, sign panel (including logo panels on specific service signs), or changeable message sign.”

4. Page 2A-4, Section 2A.07, Changeable Message Signs. Under Standard, change:

Changeable message signs, which are traffic control devices designed to display variable messages, shall conform to the principles established in this Manual, and to the extent practical, with the design and applications prescribed in Sections 6F.52 and 6F.55.

to:

To the extent practical, changeable message signs, which are traffic control devices designed to display variable messages, shall conform to the principles established in this Manual, and with the design and applications prescribed in Sections 2E.21, 6F.02 and 6F.52.

under Guidance, change: “Changeable message signs should not be used to display information other than regulatory, warning, and guidance information related to traffic control.” to: “Except for safety messages, changeable message signs should not be used to display information other than regulatory, warning, and guidance information related to traffic control.”; under Support, in the first paragraph change:

Changeable message signs, with more sophisticated technologies, are gaining widespread use to inform road users of variable situations, particularly along congested traffic corridors. Highway and transportation organizations are encouraged to develop and experiment (see Section 1A.10) with changeable message signs and to carefully evaluate such installations so that additional standards may be adopted in the future.

to:

Under the Support, in the second paragraph, at the end of the first sentence, change: “…Section 6F.02.” to: “…Section 6F.52.”; and under the Support, in the second paragraph, after the first sentence, add “Section 1A.14 contains information regarding the use of abbreviations on traffic control devices, including changeable message signs”; following the Support, add:

Option:

Changeable message signs, both permanent and portable, may be used by State and local highway agencies to display safety or transportation-related messages.

Support:

Examples of safety messages include SEAT BELTS BUCKLED? and DON’T DRINK AND DRIVE. Examples of transportation-related messages include CARPOOL INFO 1-800-XXX-XXXX and OZONE ALERT CODE RED—USE TRANSIT.

Guidance:

When a changeable message sign is used to display a safety or transportation-related message, the requirements of Section 6F.52 should be followed. The message should be simple, brief, legible, and clear. A changeable message sign should not be used to display a safety or transportation-related message if doing so would adversely affect the respect for the sign. “Congestion Ahead” or other overly simplistic or vague messages should not be displayed alone. These messages should be supplemented with a messages on the location or distance to the congestion or incident, how much delay is expected, alternative route, etc.

Standard:

When a changeable message sign is used to display a safety or transportation-related message, the display format shall not be of a type that could be considered similar to advertising displays. The display format shall not include animation, rapid flashing, or other dynamic elements that are characteristic of sports scoreboards or advertising displays.

5. Page 2A-5, Section 2A.08, Retroreflectivity and Illumination. Under Standard, in the second paragraph change: “The requirements for sign illumination shall not be considered to be satisfied by street, highway, or strobe lighting.” to: “The requirements for sign illumination shall not be considered to be satisfied by street or highway lighting.”; At the end of the section, add a Support: “Information regarding the use of retroreflective material on the sign support is contained in Section 2A-22.”

6. Page 2A-6, Table 2A-1, Illumination of Sign Elements. Change the fourth row in the first column from: “Other devices, or treatments that highlight the sign shape, color, or message at night: Luminous tubing, Fiber optics (shaped to the lettering or symbol), Patterns of incandescent light bulbs, Luminescent panels” to: “Other devices, or treatments that highlight the sign shape, color, or message: Luminous tubing, Fiber optics, Light emitting diodes (LEDs), Incandescent light bulbs, Luminescent panels”.

7. Page 2A-7, Table 2A-3, Use of Sign Shapes. Remove “Emergency Evacuation Route Marker” from the list of circle signs, change the list of trapezoid signs from: “* Recreational Series” to: “Recreational and Cultural Interest Area Series, National Forest Route Sign”; and in the footnotes to the table change: “* Indicates exclusive use, ** Guide series includes general service, specific service, and recreation signs” to: “* This sign shall be exclusively the shape shown. ** Guide series include general service, specific service, recreation, and emergency management signs.”

8. Page 2A-8, Section 2A.11, Sign Colors. Under Standard, change: “The colors to be used on standard signs and their specific use on these signs shall be as indicated in the specific Sections of Part 2. The color coordinates and values shall be as described in the "Standard Highway Signs" book.” to: “The colors to be used on standard signs and their specific use on these signs shall be as indicated in the applicable Sections of this Manual. The color coordinates and values shall be as described in 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix.”; under Support, in the third paragraph, change: “The colors purple, light blue, and coral are being reserved for uses that will be determined in the future by the Federal Highway Administration.” to: “The colors purple and light blue are being reserved for uses that will be determined in the future by the Federal Highway Administration”; add a fourth paragraph to the Support: “Information regarding color coding of destinations on guide signs is contained in Section 2D.03.”

9. Page 2A-8, Section 2A.12, Dimensions. Under Support, add a new second paragraph:

The “Standard Highway Signs” book prescribes design details for up to five different sizes depending on the type of traffic facility, including bikeways. Smaller sizes are designed to be used on bikeways and some other off-road applications. Larger sizes are designed for use on freeways and expressways, and can also be used to enhance road user safety and convenience on other facilities, especially on multilane divided highways and on undivided highways having five or more lanes of traffic and/or high speeds. The intermediate sizes are designed to be used on two-lane, three-lane, and four-lane highways that have low speeds and volumes.

10. Page 2A-9. Table 2A-4, Common Uses of Sign Colors. Immediately after the column for “FYG*”, add a new column: “Coral”; immediately after the row for “Temporary Traffic Control” signs, add 2 new rows: “Incident Management” with “X” marks in the “Black” legend column and the “Coral” background column and “Changeable Message Signs **” with “X” marks in the “White” and “Yellow” legend columns and the “Black” background column. Add a new footnote under the table: “** For changeable message signs: FYG pixels may also be used. Reverse colors may also be used.”

11. Page 2A-10, Section 2A.14, Word Messages. Under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “Word messages should be as brief as possible and the lettering should be large enough to provide the necessary legibility distance. A specific ratio, such as 25 mm (1 in) of letter height per 12 m (40 ft) of legibility distance, should be used.” to: “Word messages should be as brief as possible and the lettering should be large enough to provide the necessary legibility distance. A minimum specific ratio, such as 25 mm (1 in) of letter height per 12 m (40 ft) of legibility distance, should be used.”; after the first paragraph of Guidance, insert a new Support that reads: “Some research indicates that a ratio of 25 mm (1 in) of letter height per 10 m (33 ft) of legibility distance could be beneficial.”; and insert a Guidance heading before the second paragraph of Guidance.

12. Page 2A-11, Section 2A.15, Sign Borders. Under Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “The corners of the sign shall be rounded,” to: “The corners of all sign borders shall be rounded”; under Guidance, change: “Where practicable, the corners of the sign should be rounded to fit the border, except for STOP signs.” to: “Where practical, the corners of the sign should be rounded to fit the border, except for STOP signs.”

13. Page 2A-11, Section 2A.16, Standardization of Location. Under the first Support, change: “Standardization of position cannot always be attained in practice. Locations for a number of typical signs are illustrated in Figures 2A-1 to 2A-7.” to: “Standardization of position cannot always be attained in practice. Locations for a number of typical signs are illustrated in Figures 2A-1 and 2A-2.”

14. Page 2A-12, Figure 2A-1, Height and Lateral Location of Signs for Typical Installations. Change the Figure title to: “Figure 2A-1. Examples of Heights and Lateral Locations of Signs for Typical Installations”.

15. Page 2A-13, Figure 2A-2, Typical Locations for Signs at Intersections. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; throughout the figure, at each occurrence, change: “3.7 m (12 ft)” to :“MIN. 1.8 m (6 ft) to 3.7 m (12 ft).”

16. Page 2A-14, Figure 2A-3, Typical ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Less Than 9 m (30 ft). Move Figure to follow Section 2B.32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B-13”.

17. Page 2A-15, Figure 2A-4, Typical ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Greater Than 9 m (30 ft). Move the Figure to follow Section 2B-32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B-12”.

18. Page 2A-16, Figure 2A-5, Typical Locations of ONE WAY Signs. Move the Figure to follow Section 2B-32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B.10”.

19. Page 2A-17, Figure 2A-6, Typical Locations of ONE WAY Signs. Move the Figure to follow Section 2B-32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B.11”.

20. Page 2A-18, Figure 2A-7, Typical Applications of Warning Signs. Remove the Figure entirely.

21. Page 2A-19, Section 2A.16, Standardization of Location. Under the second Support, in the second sentence change: “The desired width is dependent upon traffic volumes, speeds, and roadside geometry.” to: “The width of the clear zone is dependent upon traffic volumes, speeds, and roadside geometry.”

22. Page 2A-20, Section 2A-17, Overhead Sign Installations. Under Guidance, change: “Overhead signs should be used on expressways, where some degree of lane-use control is desirable, or where space is not available at the roadside.” to: “Overhead signs should be used on freeways and expressways at locations where some degree of lane-use control is desirable or at locations where space is not available at the roadside.”

23. Pages 2A-21 and 2A-22, Section 2A-18, Mounting Height. Under Standard, after the second paragraph, add the headings and paragraphs contained in the first Option and Support statements on Page 2A-22 in their entirety. Following these first Option and Support statements, and prior to the existing third Standard paragraph, add the heading “Standard” and change: “Overhead signs shall…” to: “Overhead mounted signs shall”; in that same paragraph, remove: “ The vertical clearance to overhead sign structures or supports shall not be greater than 0.3 m (1 ft) in excess of the minimum clearance of other structures.”; and following the second Option heading add:

If the vertical clearance for the design of other structures is less than 4.9 m (16 ft), the vertical clearance to overhead sign structures or supports may be as low as 0.3 m (1 ft) higher than the vertical clearance for the design of the other structures.

24. Page 2A-22, Section 2A.19, Lateral Offset. Under the first Standard, change:

The minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of a roadside-mounted sign shall be 1.8 m (6 ft). Roadside-mounted sign supports shall be breakaway, yielding, or shielded with a longitudinal barrier or crash cushion if within the clear zone.

The minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 1.8 m (6 ft). Overhead sign supports shall have a barrier or crash cushion to shield them if they are within the clear zone.

to:

For overhead sign supports, the minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 1.8 m (6 ft). Overhead sign supports shall have a barrier or crash cushion to shield them if they are within the clear zone.

Roadside-mounted sign supports shall be breakaway, yielding, or shielded with a longitudinal barrier or crash cushion if within the clear zone.

Following the first Standard, insert:

Guidance:

For roadside-mounted signs, the minimum lateral offset should be 3.7 m (12 ft) from the edge of the traveled way. If a shoulder wider than 1.8 m (6 ft) exists, the minimum lateral offset for roadside-mounted signs should be 1.8 m (6 ft) from the edge of the shoulder.

25. Page 2A-23, Section 2A.19, Lateral Offset. Under Support, change: “Figure 2A-1 illustrates…” to: “Figures 2A-1 and 2A-2 illustrate…”

26. Page 2A-23, Section 2A.20, Position of Signs. Under Support, remove the second paragraph.

27. Page 2A-24, Section 2A.22, Posts and Mountings. Following Support, add:

Option:

A strip of retroreflective material may be used on regulatory and warning sign supports to draw attention to the sign during nighttime conditions.

Standard:

If a strip of retroreflective material is used on the sign support, it shall be at least 50 mm (2 in) in width, it shall be placed for the full length of the support from the sign to within 0.3 m (1 ft) of the ground level, and it shall be the same color as the background of the sign (red for STOP, YIELD, DO NOT ENTER, and WRONG WAY; white for regulatory; yellow for warning).

28. Page 2A-25, Section 2A.24, Wrong-Way Traffic Control. Change the Section title to: “Section 2A.24 Median Opening Treatments for Divided Highways with Wide Medians”; change Standard to a Guidance and change: “Where divided highways are separated by median widths of 9 m (30 ft) or more, the intersections with crossroads shall be signed as two separate intersections.” to: “Where divided highways are separated by median widths at the median opening itself of 9 m (30 ft) or more, median openings should be signed as two separate intersections.”; and delete the existing Guidance statement.

29. Page 2B-1, Section 2B.02, Design of Regulatory Signs. Following Support, add:

Option:

Changeable message signs displaying a regulatory message may use a black background with a white, yellow, or fluorescent yellow-green legend and symbol(s) as appropriate.

Guidance:

Changeable message signs displaying a regulatory message incorporating a prohibitory message that includes a red circle and slash on a static sign should display a red symbol that approximates the same red circle and slash as closely as possible.

30. Page 2B-1, Section 2B.03, Size of Regulatory Signs. Under Support, change:

The "Standard Highway Signs" book contains sign sizes and letter heights for regulatory signs used on conventional roads, expressways, freeways, and low-volume roads, and under special conditions.

to:

31. Pages 2B-2 through 2B-5, Table 2B-1, Regulatory Sign Sizes. Replace this table (all sheets) in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 2B-1 include adding rows for the following signs Speed Limit (metric), Truck Speed Limit (metric), Minimum Speed Limit (metric), Combined Speed Limit (metric), Fines Higher, Tracks out of Service, Stop Here When Flashing, Sidewalk Closed Cross Here (R9-11), Cross on Green Light Only, Emergency Signal-Stop When Flashing, Turning Traffic MUST Yield to Pedestrians, U-Turn Yield to Right Turn, Right Turn on Red Arrow, Traffic Laws Photo Enforced, Photo Enforced, Mon-Fri (and times), SUNDAY (and times), Left Turn Signal Yield on Green, Metric Plaque, Railroad Crossbuck, and Look; changing sizes for the following signs: One Way (R6-1), One Way (R6-2), Divided Highway Crossing, No Parking/Restricted Parking (combined sign), Do Not Stop on Tracks, Pedestria Crosswalk, Sidewalk Closed, Sidewalk Closed, Use Other Side, Sidewalk Closed Cross Here (R9-11a), Weight Limit; and removing the following signs: Reversible Lane Control (R3-9e), Bicycle Lane Ahead, Bicycle Lane Ends, Right Lane Bicycle Only, Bicycle Lane with Vehicle Parking, and Seat Belt Symbol.

32. Page 2B-6, Section 2B.03, Size of Regulatory Signs. Under Option, change: “The minimum size may be used on low-speed roadways where reduced legend size…” to: “The minimum size may be used on low-speed roadways where the reduced legend size…”, change the second paragraph from: “The Oversized size may be used for those special applications that require increased emphasis, improved recognition, or increased legibility.” to: “The Oversized size may be used for those special applications where speed, volume, or other factors result in conditions where increased emphasis, improved recognition, or increased legibility would be desirable.”; and add a third paragraph to the Option that reads, “Signs larger than those shown in Table 2B-1 may be used (see Section 2A.12).”

33. Page 2B-6, Section 2B.04, STOP Sign (R1-1). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, change: “When a sign is used to indicate that traffic is always required to stop, a STOP (R1-1) sign shall be used.” to: “When a sign is used to indicate that traffic is always required to stop, a STOP (R1-1) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall be used.”; and in the third sentence of the second paragraph, change: “Such plaques shall…” to: “Such plaques (see Figure 2B-1) shall…”.

34. Page 2B-7. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-1 STOP, YIELD, Speed Limit, FINES HIGHER, and Photo Enforcement Signs”; revise the metric Speed Limit (R2-1 and R2-2) signs by removing the METRIC plaque and the km/h plaque and by adding a red circle around the speed value; and add sign images for the FINES HIGHER (R2-6), PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-19), and TRAFFIC LAWS PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-18) signs.

35. Page 2B-8, Section 2B.05, STOP Sign Applications. Under Guidance, change: “STOP signs should not be used unless engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:” to: “STOP signs should be used if engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:”; change item A from: “Intersection of a less important road with a main road where application of the normal right-of-way rule would not be expected to provide reasonably safe operation;” to: “Intersection of a less important road with a main road where application of the normal right-of-way rule would not be expected to provide reasonable compliance with the law.”; change item D from: “High speeds, restricted view, or crash records indicate that a need for control by the STOP sign.” to: “High speeds, restricted view, or crash records indicate a need for control by the STOP sign.”.

36. Page 2B-9, Section 2B.05, STOP Sign Applications. Under Support, in the last paragraph, change: “The use of the STOP sign at highway-railroad grade crossings is described in Section 8B.07.” to: “The use of the STOP sign at highway-railroad grade crossings is described in Section 8B.07. The use of the STOP sign at highway-light rail transit grade crossings is described in Section 10C.04.”

37. Page 2B-9, Section 2B.06, STOP Sign Placement. Under Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The STOP sign shall be installed on the correct side…” to: “The STOP sign shall be installed on the right side…”; and insert a new fourth paragraph that reads, “ Other than a DO NOT ENTER sign, no sign shall be mounted back-to-back with a STOP sign.” Under Guidance, in the third paragraph, change: “Where two roads intersect at an acute angle, the STOP sign should be positioned at an angle or else shielded so that the legend is out of view of traffic to which it does not apply.” to: “Where two roads intersect at an acute angle, the STOP sign should be positioned at an angle, or shielded, so that the legend is out of view of traffic to which it does not apply.”

38. Page 2B-11, Section 2B.08, YIELD Sign (R1-2). Under Standard, change: “The YIELD (R1-2) sign shall…” to: “The YIELD (R1-2) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall…”

39. Page 2B-12, Section 2B.09, YIELD Sign Applications. Under Option, change: “YIELD signs may be installed:” to: “YIELD signs may be used instead of STOP signs if engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:”; under item C, change: “At the second crossroad of a divided highway, where the median width is 9 m (30 ft) or greater. A STOP sign…” to: “At the second crossroad of a divided highway, where the median width is 9 m (30 ft) or greater, at the intersection itself, a STOP sign…” Following the Option, add a Standard statement that reads: “A YIELD (R1-2) sign shall be used to assign right-of-way at the entrance to a roundabout intersection.”

40. Page 2B-12, Section 2B.10, YIELD Sign Placement. Under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “The YIELD sign shall be installed on the correct side of the traffic lane to which it applies.” to: “The YIELD sign shall be installed on the right side of the traffic lane to which it applies.”; before the second sentence, add a new sentence that reads: “YIELD signs shall be placed on both the left and right sides of approaches to roundabout intersections with more than one approach lane.”; and add a fourth paragraph that reads: “Other than a DO NOT ENTER sign, no sign shall be mounted back-to-back with a YIELD sign”. Under Guidance, change: “YIELD lines, when used…” to: “Yield lines, when used…”; following the third paragraph, add a new paragraph that reads: “At a roundabout intersection, to prevent circulating vehicles from yielding unnecessarily, the face of the YIELD sign should not be visible from the circular roadway”; and following Guidance, add:

Option:

At wide-throat intersections or where two or more approach lanes of traffic exist on the signed approach, observance of the yield control may be improved by the installation of an additional YIELD sign on the left side of the road and/or the use of a yield line. At channelized intersections, the additional YIELD sign may be effectively placed on a channelizing island.

41. Page 2B-13, Section 2B.11, Speed Limit Sign (R2-1). Under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “…the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency.” to: “…the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency.”; delete the second Standard paragraph; and following Standard, delete the Support. Under Guidance, add the following paragraph at the beginning: “States and local agencies should reevaluate the non-statutory speed limits on their streets and highways at least once every 5 years to determine if any adjustments would be appropriate.”; and in the second paragraph, change: “When a speed limit is to be posted, it should be the 85th-percentile speed of free-flowing traffic, rounded up to the nearest 10 km/h (5 mph) increment.” to: “When a speed limit is to be posted, it should be the 85th-percentile speed of free-flowing traffic, rounded up to the nearest 10 km/h (5 mph) increment on non-residential streets and rounded up or down to the nearest 10 km/h (5 mph) increment on residential streets.” Under Option, in the third paragraph, change: “A changeable message sign that changes for traffic and ambient conditions…” to: “A changeable message sign that changes the speed limit for traffic and ambient conditions…”; at the end of the Option, add the following paragraph: “A changeable message sign that displays to approaching drivers the speed at which they are traveling may be installed in conjunction with a Speed Limit sign.”; and following the Option, add a Guidance statement: “If a changeable message sign displaying approach speeds is installed, the legend YOUR SPEED XX km/h (MPH) or such similar legend should be shown.”

42. Page 2B-14, Section 2B.12, Truck Speed Limit Sign (R2-2). Under Standard, change: “Where a special speed limit applies to trucks or other vehicles, the legend TRUCKS XX or such similar legend shall be shown on the same panel as the Speed Limit sign or on a separate sign (R2-2) below the standard legend.” to: “Where a special speed limit applies to trucks or other vehicles, the legend TRUCKS XX or such similar legend shall be shown on the same panel as the Speed Limit sign or on a separate R2-2 sign (see Figure 2B-1) below the standard legend.”

43. Page 2B-14, Section 2B.13 Night Speed Limit Sign (R2-3). Under Guidance, change: “A Night Speed Limit (R2-3) sign should…” to: “A Night Speed Limit (R2-3) sign (see Figure 2B-1) should…”

44. Page 2B-14, Section 2B.14, Minimum Speed Limit Sign (R2-4). Under Standard, change: “A Minimum Speed Limit (R2-4) sign shall be displayed…” to: “A Minimum Speed Limit (R2-4) sign (see Figure 2B-2) shall be displayed…”; and under Option, in the last sentence, change: “If desired, these two signs may be combined on the R2-4a sign.” to: “If desired, these two signs may be combined on the R2-4a sign (see Figure 2B-2).”

45. Page 2B-15. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-2. Speed Limit and Turn Prohibition Signs”; revise the metric Speed Limit (R2-4 and R2-4a) signs by removing the METRIC plaque and the km/h plaque and by adding a red circle around the speed value; remove the Reduced Speed (R2-5 series) signs; and add the red combination No U-Turn/No Left Turn (R3-18) sign.

46. Page 2B-16. Following Section 2B-14, insert a new Section numbered and titled, “Section 2B.15, FINES HIGHER Sign (R2-6)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

The FINES HIGHER (R2-6) sign (see Figure 2B-1) may be used to advise road users when increased fines are imposed for traffic violations within designated roadway segments.

The FINES HIGHER sign may be mounted below an applicable regulatory or warning sign in a temporary traffic control zone, a school zone, or other applicable designated zones.

The following may be mounted below the FINES HIGHER sign:

A. A supplemental plaque specifying the times that the higher fines are in effect (similar to the S4-1 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1); or

B. A supplemental plaque WHEN CHILDREN (WORKERS) ARE PRESENT (similar to the S4-2 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1); or

C. A supplemental plaque WHEN FLASHING (similar to the S4-4 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) if used in conjunction with a yellow flashing beacon.

The legend FINES HIGHER may be replaced by multiple values such as FINES DOUBLE or FINES TRIPLE, or by a specific value such as $150 FINE.

Standard:

The FINES HIGHER sign shall be a rectangle with a black legend and border on a white background.

All supplemental plaques mounted below the FINES HIGHER sign shall be rectangles with black legends and borders on white backgrounds.

The FINES HIGHER sign shall include a SCHOOL, WORK ZONE, or other applicable designated zone plaque mounted above the applicable regulatory or warning sign. The SCHOOL supplemental plaque shall be rectangular in shape with a black legend on a yellow or fluorescent yellow-green background (same as S4-3). The WORK ZONE supplemental plaque shall be rectangular in shape with a black legend on an orange background.

Guidance:

If used, the FINES HIGHER sign should be located at the beginning of the temporary traffic control zone, school zone, or other applicable designated zone and just beyond any interchanges, major intersections, or other major traffic generators.

Agencies should limit the use of the FINES HIGHER sign to locations where work is actually underway, or to locations where the roadway, shoulder, or other conditions, including the presence of a school, require a speed reduction or extra caution on the part of the road user.

47. Page 2B-16, Section 2B.15, Location of Speed Limit Signs. Change the Section number to: “Section 2B.16”

48. Page 2B-16, Section 2B.16, Reduced Speed Ahead Signs (R2-5 Series). Delete this section in its entirety.

49. Page 2B-17, Section 2B.17, Turn Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.17, Turn Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4 and R3-18)”; under Guidance, change:

Turn Prohibition signs should be placed where they will be most easily seen by road users who might be intending to turn.

If No Right Turn (R3-1) signs are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a right corner of the intersection.

If No Left Turn (R3-2) signs are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway, at a left corner of the intersection, on a median, or in conjunction with the STOP sign or YIELD sign located on the near right corner.

Except as noted in the Option, if NO TURNS (R3-3) signs are used, two signs should be used, one at a location specified for a No Right Turn sign and one at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

If No U-Turn (R3-4) signs are used, at least one should be used at a location specified for No Left Turn signs.

to:

Turn Prohibition signs should be placed where they will be most easily seen by road users who might be intending to turn.

If No Right Turn (R3-1) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a right corner of the intersection.

If No Left Turn (R3-2) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway, at the far left corner of the intersection, on a median, or in conjunction with the STOP sign or YIELD sign located on the near right corner.

Except as noted in the Option, if NO TURNS (R3-3) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, two signs should be used, one at a location specified for a No Right Turn sign and one at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

If No U-Turn (R3-4) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be used at a location specified for No Left Turn signs.

If combination No U-Turn/No Left Turn (R3-18) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be used at a location specified for No Left Turn signs.

Under Option, in item B, change “The No Left Turn (or No U-Turn) sign may be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the left lane.” to “The No Left Turn (or No U-Turn or combination No U-Turn/No Left Turn) sign may be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the left lane.”

50. Page 2B-18, Section 2B.17, Turn Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4). Under Option, after the last paragraph, add a new paragraph: “If both left turns and U-turns are prohibited, the R3-18 sign may be used instead of separate R3-2 and R3-4 signs.”

51. Page 2B-18, Section 2B.18, Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-5 through R3-8). Under the first Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “Intersection Lane Control signs shall have three applications:” to: “Intersection Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-3) shall have three applications.”; under Guidance, change: “When used, Intersection Lane Control signs should be mounted overhead, and each sign should be placed over a projection of the lane to which it applies.” to: “When Intersection Lane Control signs are mounted overhead, each sign should be placed over the lane or a projection of the lane to which it applies.”

52. Page 2B-19. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-3. Intersection Lane Use Control Signs.”

53. Page 2B-20, Section 2B.19, Mandatory Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “If used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) shall indicate…” to: “If used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) signs (see Figure 2B-3) shall indicate…”; and in the second paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “If the R3-5 sign is ground mounted on a multilane approach, a supplemental plaque…” to: “If the R3-5 sign is ground mounted on a multilane approach, a supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-3)…”. Under Guidance, change: “If used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs should be accompanied by lane control pavement markings, especially where traffic volumes are high, where there is a high percentage of commercial vehicles, or where other distractions exist.” to: “Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs should be accompanied by lane use arrow markings, especially where traffic volumes are high, where there is a high percentage of commercial vehicles, or where other distractions exist.”

54. Page 2B-21, Section 2B.20, Optional Movement Lane Control Sign (R3-6). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6) sign shall be used…” to: “If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6) sign (see Figure 2B-3) shall be used…”

55. Page 2B-21, Section 2B.21, Advance Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-8 Series). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs may be used to indicate the configuration of all lanes ahead.” to: “Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs (see Figure 2B-3) may be used to indicate the configuration of all lanes ahead.”

56. Page 2B-22, Section 2B.22, Two-Way Left Turn Only Signs (R3-9a, R3-9b). Under Guidance, change: “Two-Way Left Turn Only (R3-9a or R3-9b) signs should be used…” to: “Two-Way Left Turn Only (R3-9a or R3-9b) signs (see Figure 2B-4) should be used…”

57. Page 2B-22, Section 2B.23, Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9c through R3-9i). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.23, Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i)”; under the first Option, in the second sentence, change: “Reversible Lane Control (R3-9c through R3-9i) signs may either be static type or changeable message type.” to: “Reversible Lane Control (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i) signs (see Figure 2B-4) may either be static type or changeable message type.”

58. Page 2B-23. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-4. Center and Reversible Lane Control Signs”; and remove the R3-9c and R3-9e signs from the figure.

59. Page 2B-24, Section 2B.23, Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i). Under the first Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “Where it is determined by an engineering study that lane-use control signals or barriers are not necessary, the lane shall be controlled by overhead Reversible Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-1).” to: “Where it is determined by an engineering study that lane-use control signals or physical barriers are not necessary, the lane shall be controlled by overhead Reversible Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-5).”; and under the Option, change item B from: “An engineering study indicates that sign operation alone would result in a level of safety and efficiency that is acceptable.” to: “An engineering study indicates that the use of Reversible Lane Control signs alone would result in an acceptable level of safety and efficiency.” Under the second Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “…except for the R3-9c and R3-9d signs, where the color red is used.” to: “…except for the R3-9d signs, where the color red is used.”; in the third paragraph, change:

Symbol signs, such as the R3-9c or R3-9d signs, shall consist of the appropriate symbol in the upper portion of the sign with the appropriate times of the day and days of the week below it. Where word message signs, such as R3-9e, are used, the times of the day and the days of the week, when appropriate, shall be on the right portion of the sign and the appropriate legend to the left. All times of the day and days of the week shall be accounted for on the sign to eliminate confusion to the road user.

to:

Symbol signs, such as the R3-9d sign, shall consist of the appropriate symbol in the upper portion of the sign with the appropriate times of the day and days of the week below it. All times of the day and days of the week shall be accounted for on the sign to eliminate confusion to the road user.

Under the second Standard, in the fourth paragraph, change: “In situations where more than one message is conveyed to the road user, such as on the R3-9d or R3-9e signs…” to: “In situations where more than one message is conveyed to the road user, such as on the R3-9d sign…”

60. Page 2B-25. Figure 2B-1, Location of Reversible Two-Way Left-Turn Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2B-5.”

61. Page 2B-26. Table 2B-2 Meanings of Symbols and Legends on Reversible Lane Control Signs. Change the first column, second row from: “Red X on white background or symbolic DO NOT ENTER sign.” to: “Red X on white background.”

62. Page 2B-28, Section 2B.24, DO NOT PASS Sign (R4-1). Under Option, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign may be used…” to: “The DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used…”

63. Page 2B-28, Section 2B.25, PASS WITH CARE Sign (R4-2). Under Guidance, change: “The PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) sign should be installed at the end of a no-passing zone…” to: “The PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) sign (see Figure 2B-6) should be installed at the end of a no-passing zone...”

64. Page 2B-28, Section 2B.26, SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT Sign (R4-3). Under Option, change: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign may be used…” to: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used…”; under Guidance, in the first sentence, change: “If used, the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign should be installed…” to: “If used, the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign should be installed…”

65. Page 2B-29. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-6. Passing and Keep Right Signs”.

66. Page 2B-30, Section 2B.27, Slow Moving Traffic Lane Signs (R4-5, R4-6). Under Support, in the first paragraph, change: “The Slow Moving Traffic Lane signs are used to direct vehicles into an extra lane…” to: “The Slow Moving Traffic Lane signs (see Figure 2B-6) are used to direct vehicles into an extra lane…”; under Option, in the first sentence, change: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to the TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE (R4-5).” to: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to the TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE sign.”

67. Page 2B-30, Section 2B.28, Keep Right and Keep Left Signs (R4-7, R4-8). Under the first Option change:

The Keep Right (R4-7) sign may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the right of a roadway feature or obstruction.

to:

The Keep Right (R4-7) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the right of a roadway feature or obstruction. The Keep Left (R4-8) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the left of a roadway feature or obstruction.

Under Guidance, in the second sentence, change: “The sign should be mounted on the face of or just in front of a pier or other obstruction separating opposite directions of traffic in the center of the highway.” to: “The sign should be mounted on the face of or just in front of a pier or other obstruction separating opposite directions of traffic in the center of the highway such that traffic will have to pass to the right of the sign.”; following Guidance, add a Standard statement that reads: “The Keep Right sign shall not be installed on the right side of the roadway in a position where traffic must pass to the left of the sign.”; and under the second Option, in the second paragraph, change: “The word message KEEP RIGHT (LEFT) with an arrow (R4-7a or R4-7b) may be used instead of the R4-7 symbol sign.” to: “Word message KEEP RIGHT (LEFT) with an arrow (R4-7a or R4-7b) signs (see Figure 2B-6) may be used instead of the R4-7 or R4-8 symbol signs (see Figure 2B-6).”

68. Page 2B-31, Section 2B.28, Keep Right and Keep Left Signs. Under the second Option, remove the third paragraph: “Where appropriate, a Keep Left (R4-8) symbol sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used.”

69. Page 2B-31, Section 2B.29, DO NOT ENTER Sign (R5-1). Under Standard, change: “The DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign shall be used where traffic is prohibited from entering a restricted roadway.” to: “The DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign (see Figure 2B-7) shall be used where traffic is prohibited from entering a restricted roadway.”; under Guidance, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The DO NOT ENTER sign, if used, should be placed at the point where a road user could wrongly enter a one-way roadway or ramp.” to: “The DO NOT ENTER sign, if used, should be placed directly in view of a road user at the point where a road user could wrongly enter a divided highway, one-way roadway, or ramp (see Figure 2B-8).”; under Option, in the second paragraph, change: “A second DO NOT ENTER sign on the left side of the roadway may be used, particularly where traffic approaches from an intersecting roadway (see Figures 2A-3 and 2B-2).” to: “A second DO NOT ENTER sign on the left side of the roadway may be used, particularly where traffic approaches from an intersecting roadway (see Figure 2B-8).”

70. Page 2B-31, Section 2B.30, WRONG-WAY Sign (R5-1a). Under Option, change:

The WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign may be used as a supplement to the DO NOT ENTER sign where an exit ramp intersects a crossroad or a crossroad intersects a one-way roadway in a manner that does not physically discourage or prevent wrong-way entry (see Figures 2A-3 and 2B-2).

to:

The WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign (see Figure 2B-7) may be used as a supplement to the DO NOT ENTER sign where an exit ramp intersects a crossroad or a crossroad intersects a one-way roadway in a manner that does not physically discourage or prevent wrong-way entry (see Figure 2B-8).

71. Page 2B-32. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-7. Traffic Prohibition Signs”; and remove the border from the DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign.

72. Page 2B-33. Figure 2B-2 Typical Wrong-Way Signing for Divided Highways. Change the figure number and title to: “Figure 2B-8. Example of Wrong-Way Signing for a Divided Highway with a Median Width of 9m (30 ft) or Greater”; and add dimensions indicating the median width to the figure.

73. Page 2B-34, Section 2B.31, Selective Exclusion Signs. Under the first Support, change: “Selective Exclusion signs give notice to road users…” to: “Selective Exclusion signs (see Figure 2B-7) give notice to road users…”; and under the second Support, change Item H from: “Hazardous Cargo Prohibited (R14-3).” to: “Hazardous Material Prohibited (R14-3) (see Figure 2B-20).”

74. Page 2B-35, Section 2B.32, ONE WAY Signs (R6-1, R6-2). Under the first Standard, change:

Except as noted in the Option, the ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) sign shall be used to indicate streets or roadways upon which vehicular traffic is allowed to travel in one direction only.

ONE WAY signs shall be placed parallel to the one-way street at all alleys and roadways that intersect one-way roadways.

to:

Except as noted in the Option, the ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) sign (see Figure 2B-9) shall be used to indicate streets or roadways upon which vehicular traffic is allowed to travel in one direction only.

ONE WAY signs shall be placed parallel to the one-way street at all alleys and roadways that intersect one-way roadways as shown in Figures 2B-10 through 2B-14.

Under Guidance, change:

Where divided highways are separated by median widths of 9 m (30 ft) or more, ONE WAY signs (see Section 2B.32) should be placed, visible to each crossroad approach, on the near right and far left corners of each intersection with the directional roadways as shown in Figures 2A-4 and 2A-5.

to:

Where divided highways are separated by median widths at the intersection itself of 9 m (30 ft) or more, ONE WAY signs should be placed, visible to each crossroad approach, on the near right and far left corners of each intersection with the directional roadways as shown in Figures 2B-10 and 2B-12.

Under Option, in the second paragraph, change: “ONE WAY signs may be omitted at intersections with divided highways that have median widths of less than 9 m (30 ft).” to: “ONE WAY signs may be omitted (see Figure 2B-13) at intersections with divided highways that have median widths at the intersection itself of less than 9 m (30 ft).”; and remove the Support statement.

75. Page 2B-36. Add a number and title to the illustration: “Figure 2B-9. ONE WAY and Divided Highway Crossing Signs”.

76. Following Section 2B.32, Insert old Figure 2A-5, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-10. Examples of Locations of ONE WAY Signs”; then insert old Figure 2A-6, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-11. Examples of Locations of ONE WAY Signs” then insert old Figure 2A-4, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-12. Examples of ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians of 9m (30 ft) or Greater”; in old Figure 2A-4, revise the signs shown under the Stop signs to include the words “DIVIDED” and “HIGHWAY” in addition to the arrows and add at the bottom of the figure: “Note: See Figure 2B-8 for examples of placing DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signing.” Then insert old Figure 2A-3, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-13. Examples of ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Less Than 9m (30 ft)”; in old figure 2A-3, remove the DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signs from the figure and add symbolic Keep Right signs in the median at approximately 45-degree angles, add dimensions to the median, add asterisks to all signs except the Stop signs and in the legend, add “* Optional”; and then insert new Figure 2B-14. “Examples of ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Less Than 9 m (30 ft) and Separated Left-Turn Lanes”.

77. Page 2B-36, Section 2B.33, Divided Highway Crossing Signs (R6-3, R6-3a). Under first Option, change: “The Divided Highway Crossing (R6-3 or R6-3a) sign may be used to advise road users…” to: “The Divided Highway Crossing (R6-3 or R6-3a) sign (see Figure 2B-9) may be used to advise road users…”

78. Page 2B-37, Section 2B.34, Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (R7 and R8 Series). Under Support, in the second sentence, change: “Typical examples of parking, stopping, and standing signs are as follows:” to: “Typical examples of parking, stopping, and standing signs (see Figures 2B-15 and 2B-16) are as follows:”.

79. Page 2B-38. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-15. No Parking Signs (R7 Series)”.

80. Page 2B-39. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-16. No Parking Signs (R8 Series)”.

81. Page 2B-40, Section 2B.35, Design of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs. Under Guidance, combine the last three paragraphs (following Item C) into one paragraph; and insert a new final paragraph:

Where special parking restrictions are imposed during heavy snow-fall, Snow Emergency signs should be installed. The legend will vary according to the regulations, but the signs should be vertical rectangles, having a white background with the upper part of the plate a red background.

Under Option, in Item B of the third paragraph, change: “The red Parking Prohibition sign and the green Permissive Parking sign may be combined on a single…” to: “The red Parking Prohibition sign and the green Permissive Parking sign may be combined to form an R7-200 sign on a single…”; in the sixth paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “Alternate designs for the R7-107 sign may be developed such as the R7-107a sign.” to: “Alternate designs for the R7-107 sign may be developed such as the R7-107a sign (see Figure 2B-15).”; in the seventh paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “To make the parking regulations more effective and to improve public relations by giving a definite warning, a sign reading TOW-AWAY ZONE (R7-201) may be appended to,…” to: “To make the parking regulations more effective and to improve public relations by giving a definite warning, a sign (see Figure 2B-15) reading TOW-AWAY ZONE (R7-201) may be appended to,…”; in the eighth paragraph in the fourth sentence, change: “Word message supplemental plaques, such as ON PAVEMENT (R8-3c) or ON BRIDGE (R8-3d), may be mounted below the R8-3 or R8-3a sign.” to: “Word message supplemental plaques (see Figure 2B-16), such as ON PAVEMENT (R8-3c) or ON BRIDGE (R8-3d), may be mounted below the R8-3 or R8-3a sign.”

82. Page 2B-42, Section 2B.37, Emergency Restriction Signs (R8-4, R8-7, R8-8). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign or the EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY (R8-7) sign may be used…” to: “The EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign (see Figure 2B-16) or the EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY (R8-7) sign (see Figure 2B-16) may be used…”; and in the second paragraph, change: “The DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign may be used to discourage or prohibit parking or stopping on railroad tracks (see Section 8B.06).” to: “The DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign (see Figure 8B-4) may be used to discourage or prohibit parking or stopping on railroad tracks (see Section 8B.06).”

83. Page 2B-42, Section 2B.38, WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC and No Hitchhiking Signs (R9-1, R9-4, R9-4a). Under the first Option, change: “The WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC (R9-1) sign may be used on highways where no sidewalks are provided.” to: “The WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC (R9-1) sign (see Figure 2B-17) may be used on highways where no sidewalks are provided.”

84. Page 2B-43. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-17, Pedestrian Crossing Signs”; at the beginning of the fourth row add an R10-3d “START CROSSING TO MEDIAN…” sign image; add an R10-3e “START CROSSING” sign following R10-3d; and remove the R10-5 “LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY” sign image.

85. Page 2B-44, Section 2B.38, WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC and No Hitchhiking Signs (R9-1, R9-4, R9-4a). Under the Option, change: “The No Hitchhiking (R9-4a) sign may be used to prohibit standing in or adjacent to the roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride. The R9-4 word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-4a symbol sign.” to: “The No Hitchhiking (R9-4a) sign (see Figure 2B-17) may be used to prohibit standing in or adjacent to the roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride. The R9-4 word message sign (see Figure 2B-17) may be used as an alternate to the R9-4a symbol sign.”

86. Page 2B-44, Section 2B.39, Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R9-2, R9-3). Under the first Option, change: “Pedestrian Crossing signs may be used to limit pedestrian crossing to specific locations.” to: “Pedestrian Crossing signs (see Figure 2B-17) may be used to limit pedestrian crossing to specific locations.” and under the second Option, in the third paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The PEDESTRIANS PROHIBITED (R9-3) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-3a symbol sign.” to: “The NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING (R9-3) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-3a symbol sign.”

87. Page 2B-44, Section 2B.40, Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-13). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.40. Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-21)”; and under Option, change: “To supplement traffic signal control, Traffic Signal signs R10-1 through R10-13 may be used to regulate road users.” to: “To supplement traffic signal control, Traffic Signal signs R10-1 through R10-16 may be used to regulate road users.”

88. Page 2B-45, Section 2B.40, Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-13). Under the first Standard, change: “Traffic signal signs applicable to pedestrian actuation shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated in pedestrian pushbutton units (see Section 4E.07). Traffic Signal signs applicable to pedestrians include:” to: “Traffic Signal signs applicable to pedestrian actuation (see Figure 2B-17) shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated in pedestrian pushbutton units (see Section 4E.08). Traffic Signal signs applicable to pedestrians include:”. Under the Option, in the second paragraph, in the third sentence, change:

to:

Where word-type pedestrian signal indications are being retained for the remainder of their useful service life, the legends WALK/DONT WALK may be substituted for the symbols on the educational plaque R10-3b, thus creating sign R10-3c. The R10-3d sign may be used if the pedestrian clearance time is sufficient only for the pedestrian to cross to the median.

Under the Option, in the third paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “Traffic Signal signs may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control.” to: “Traffic Signal signs (see Figure 2B-18) may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control.”

89. Page 2B-46. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-18. Traffic Signal Signs”; add sign images for the LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5) sign, LEFT TURN SIGNAL YIELD ON GREEN (GREEN ball) (R10-21) sign, NO TURN (RED ball) ON RED (R10-11) sign, EMERGENCY SIGNAL STOP WHEN FLASHING RED (R10-14) sign, U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign, RIGHT TURN ON RED ARROW PERMITTED AFTER STOP (R10-17a) sign, MON-FRI 7-9 AM 4-7 PM (R10-20a) sign, SUNDAY 7-11 AM (R10-20b) sign; remove the R10-11c and R10-11d signs; and add a TURNING TRAFFIC MUST YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS (R10-15) sign.

90. Page 2B-47, Section 2B.40, Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-13). Under the first Standard, change: “The NO TURN ON RED sign (R10-11a, R10-11b) shall be used to prohibit a right turn on red…” to: “The NO TURN ON RED (R10-11a, R10-11b) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be used to prohibit a right turn on red…”. Immediately following the first Standard, add an Option heading and move the first paragraph of the existing Option (following the Guidance) to this new Option and change: “A symbolic NO TURN ON RED sign (R10-11c or R10-11d) may be used as an alternate to the R10-11 and R10-11b signs.” to: “A symbolic NO TURN ON RED (R10-11) sign (see Figure 2B-18) may be used as an alternate to the R10-11a and R10-11b signs.”; under Guidance, following Item E, add: “Where turns on red are permitted and the signal indication is a RED ARROW, the RIGHT (LEFT) TURN ON RED ARROW PERMITTED AFTER STOP (R10-17a) sign (see Figure 2B-18) should be installed adjacent to the RED ARROW signal indication.”; under Guidance, move the third (last) paragraph from the Guidance to immediately under the Option and change: “When right turn on red is permitted and pedestrian crosswalks are marked, the word message TURNING TRAFFIC MUST YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS should be used.” to: “When right turn on red is permitted and pedestrian crosswalks are marked, a TURNING TRAFFIC MUST YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS sign may be used (see Figure 2B-18).”; under the Option, following the first paragraph, add:

A supplemental R10-20a or R10-20b plaque (see Figure 2B-18) showing times of day (similar to the S4-1 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) or with the legend WHEN PEDESTRIANS ARE PRESENT (similar to the S4-2 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) with a black legend and border on a white background may be mounted below a NO TURN ON RED sign to indicate that the restriction is in place only during certain times or only when a pedestrian conflict is present.

Under the Option, in the existing second paragraph, change: “…the Traffic Signal sign (I1-1) may be used (see Section 2D.46).” to: “…the Traffic Signal Sped (I1-1) sign may be used (see Section 2D.47).” Under the second Standard, change: “The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4F.02).” to: “The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4F.02). The EMERGENCY SIGNAL-STOP WHEN FLASHING RED (R10-14) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be used in conjunction with emergency beacons (see Section 4F.04).”; and add a new paragraph:

A U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be installed near the left-turn signal face if U-turns are allowed on a protected left-turn movement on an approach from which drivers making a right turn from the conflicting approach to their left are simultaneously being shown a right-turn GREEN ARROW signal indication.

91. Page 2B-48. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-19. Road Closed and Weight Limit Signs”; and after the last row add a sign image for the METRIC (R12-6) sign.

92. Page 2B-49, Section 2B.41, KEEP OFF MEDIAN Sign (R11-1). Under Option, change: “The KEEP OFF MEDIAN (R11-1) sign may be used to prohibit driving…” to: “The KEEP OFF MEDIAN (R11-1) sign (see Figure 2B-19) may be used to prohibit driving...”

93. Page 2B-49, Section 2B.42, Section ROAD CLOSED Sign (R11-2) and LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY Signs (R11-3 S