FHWA - MUTCD Revision 2 Change List

MUTCD Proposed Revision No. 2 Change List

Introductory Notes to the User:

1. The pages referenced in the change list refer to the 2000 MUTCD Incorporating: Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.

2. The Table of Contents at the beginning of the MUTCD has been changed to list only the Parts and Chapters, but not Sections, Figures, and Tables, and to remove page numbers from this list. The Table of Contents appearing at the beginning of each Part of the MUTCD have been changed to reflect changes in Section, Table, and Figure numbers and titles as well as the changes in page numbers .

Cover and Introduction

1. Cover: For Cover and Cover of Introduction, change: “Incorporating: Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No.1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “ Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page i, Addresses for Publications Referenced in the MUTCD. In the address for American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, change the suite number from: “225” to: “249”; following American Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way Association, insert: “Federal Highway Administration Report Center, Facsimile Number: 301.577.1421”; following Institute of Transportation Engineers, insert: “International Organization for Standards, c/o Mr. Gerard Kuso, Austrian Standards Institute, Heinestrabe 38, Postfach 130, A-1021, Wien, Austria” and “ISEA – The Safety Equipment Association, 1901 N. Moore St., Suite 808, Arlington, VA 22209”; following National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, insert “Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210”; following Transportation Research Board, insert: “U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (The U.S. Access Board), 1131 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC, 20004-1111”.

3. Page I-1, Introduction. Under Standard, change: “Traffic control devices contained in this Manual shall not be protected by a patent or copyright, except for the Interstate Shield.” to: “Traffic control devices contained in this Manual shall not be protected by a patent, trademark, or copyright, except for the Interstate Shield and any other items owned by FHWA.”

4. Page I-2, Table I-1, Evolution of the MUTCD. In Row 11 (opposite Year “2000”), Column 3 (headed “”Month/Year Revised”), change: “6/01” to: “12/01”.

5. Page I-3. Under Support, first paragraph, remove the last sentence: “Section 15-104 of the UVC adopts the MUTCD as the standard for conformance.”; under Standard, in listed item number 2, in the second sentence, change: “All Guidance statements are labeled and the text appears in large type.” to: “All Guidance statements are labeled, and the text appears in large type.”

6. Page I-4. At the end of the Introduction, after Guidance, add a new second Support and an additional Standard:

Support:

The following information will be useful when reference is being made to a specific portion of text in this Manual.

There are ten Parts in this Manual and each part is comprised of one or more Chapters. Each Chapter is comprised of one or more sections. Parts are given a numerical identification, such as Part 2-Signs. Chapters are identified by the Part number and a letter, such as Chapter 2B-Regulatory Signs. Sections are identified by the Chapter number and letter followed by a decimal point and a number, such as Section 2B.03-Size of Regulatory Signs.

Each Section is comprised of one or more paragraphs. The paragraphs are indented but are not identified by a number or letter. Paragraphs are counted from the beginning of each Section without regard to the intervening text headings (Standard, Guidance, Option, or Support). Some paragraphs have lettered or numbered items. As an example of how to cite this Manual, the phrase “Not less than 12 m (40 ft) beyond the stop line” that appears on page 4D-24 of this Manual would be referenced in writing as “Section 4D.15, P7, D1(a),” and would be verbally referenced as “Item D1(a) of Paragraph 7 of Section 4D.15.

Standard:

In accordance with 23 C.F.R. 655.603(b)(1), States or other Federal agencies shall adopt changes to the MUTCD within 2 years of issuance. For new devices or replacement of damaged devices, compliance shall be required effective immediately upon adoption by the State or other Federal agency. For devices in good condition, the following list of special compliance dates shall apply.

Section 2B.03 Size of Regulatory Signs---increased sign sizes and other changes to Table 2B-1---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.04 STOP Sign (R1-1)---4-WAY plaque requirement---January 17, 2004.

Section 2B.16 Removal of R2-5 Series Reduced Speed Ahead signs and use of W3-5 or W3-5a warning signs instead---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.23 Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i)---removal of R3-9c and R3-9e signs---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.32 ONE WAY Signs (R6-1, R6-2)---placement requirement at intersecting alleys---January 17, 2008.

Section 2B.46 Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2, R14-3)---change in sign legend---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.49 High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2007.

Section 2B.50 High-Occupancy Vehicle Sign Applications and Placement---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2007.

Section 2B.51 Photo Enforced Signs (R10-18, R10-19)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2B.52 Yield Here to Pedestrians Signs (R1-5, R1-5a)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.04 Size of Warning Signs---increased sizes of W4-1, W5-2, W6-3, and W12-1 signs---January 17, 2008.

Section 2C.04 Size of Warning Signs---sizes of W1 Series Arrows signs, W7 Series truck runaway signs, W12-2P low clearance signs, and W10-1 advance grade crossing sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.23 PAVEMENT ENDS Sign (W8-3)---removal of symbol sign---January 17, 2011.

Section 2C.24 Shoulder and UNEVEN LANES Signs (W8-4, W8-9, W8-9a, and W8-11)---removal of symbol signs---January 17, 2011.

Section 2C.28 Merge Signs (W4-1, W4-1a)---Entering Roadway Merge sign (W4-1a)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.29 Added Lane Signs (W4-3, W4-3a)---Entering Roadway Added Lane sign (W4-3a)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.30 Lane Ends Signs (W4-2, W9-1), W9-2)---new design of W4-2 sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.34 Intersection Warning Signs (W2-1 through W2-6)---new design of Circular Intersection (W2-6) sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.37 Nonvehicular Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-11, W11-14, W11-14a, W11-15)---elimination of crosswalk lines from Crossing signs and use of diagonal downward pointing arrow supplemental plaque (W16-7) if at the crossing---January 17, 2011.

Section 2C.37 Nonvehicular Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-11, W11-14, W11-14a, W11-15)---W11-1, W11-14, W11-14a, and W11-5 signs---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.49 PHOTO ENFORCED Plaque (W16-10)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.51 Speed Reduction Signs (W3-5, W3-5a)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2C.54 Truck Rollover Warning Signs (W1-13, W1-13a)---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2D.38 Street Name Sign (D3-1)---letter and symbol sizes, all other provisions---January 9, 2012.

Section 2D.39 Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2)---new section---January 9, 2012.

Section 2D.45 General Service Signs (D9 Series)---Traveler Info Call 511 (D12-5) sign, Channel 9 Monitored (D12-3) sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2D.46 Reference Location Signs (D10-1 through D10-3)---location and spacing of Reference Location signs, design of enhanced location reference sign (D10-7) and intermediate enhanced location reference sign (D10-8)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2E.28 Interchange Exit Numbering---size of exit number plaque---January 17, 2008.

Section 2E.28 Interchange Exit Numbering---LEFT on exit number plaques for left exits---proposed 15 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 2E.30 Advance Guide Signs---advance placement distance---January 17, 2008.

Section 2F.05 Size of Lettering---minimum height of letters and numerals on specific service signs--- January 17, 2011.

Section 2I.03 EVACUATION ROUTE Sign (EM-1)---new design and size of EM-1 sign---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 3B.01 Yellow Centerline Pavement Markings and Warrants---new section in Millennium Edition---January 3, 2003.

Section 3B.07 Warrants for Use of Edge Lines---new section in Millennium Edition---January 3, 2003.

Section 3B.14 Raised Pavement Markers Substituting for Pavement Markings---spacing requirements---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 3C.01 Object Marker Design and Placement Height---width of stripes on Type 3 striped marker---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4D.01 General---location of signalized midblock crosswalks---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4D.05 Application of Steady Signal Indications---item B.4 in STANDARD---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4D.12 Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals---duration of steady red clearance interval in change from red-red flashing mode to steady (stop-and-go) mode---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4E.04 Size, Design, and Illumination of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications---removal of outline-style symbolic pedestrian signal indications---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4E.06 Accessible Pedestrian Signals---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2005.

Section 4E.07 Countdown Pedestrian Signals---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4E.09 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Detectors---new section in Millennium Edition---January 17, 2005.

Section 4E.10 Pedestrian Intervals and Signal Phases---pedestrian clearance time sufficient to travel to far side of the traveled way---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4F.04 Emergency Beacon---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 4L.03 In-Roadway Lights at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings and Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossings---new section---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6D.01 Pedestrian Considerations---all new provisions for pedestrian accessibility---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6D.02 Worker Considerations---high-visibility apparel requirements---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6E.02 High-Visibility Clothing---high-visibility apparel requirements for flaggers---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.55 Channelizing Devices---requirements for detectability by users of long canes---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.56 Cones---width of retroreflective stripes---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.60 Type I, II, or III Barricades---provisions for pedestrian accessibility---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 6F.63 Temporary Raised Islands---requirements for pedestrian accessibility---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 7B.08 School Advance Warning Sign (S1-1)--- elimination of crosswalk lines from Crossing signs and use of diagonal downward pointing arrow supplemental plaque (W16-7) if at the crossing---January 17, 2011.

Section 7E.04 Uniform of Adult Guards and Student Patrols---requirement for high-visibility apparel for adult guards---proposed 5 years from effective date of Final Rule

Section 8B.02 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (Crossbuck) Signs (R15-1, R15-2, R15-9)---retroreflective strip on crossbuck support---January 17, 2011.

Section 8B.02 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing (Crossbuck) Signs (R15-1, R15-2, R15-9)---Crossbuck Shield sign (R15-9)---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 8B.03 Highway-Rail Grade Crossing Advance Warning Signs (W10 Series)--- removal of existing W10-6 series signs---January 17, 2006.

Section 8D.07 Traffic Control Signals at or Near Highway-Rail Grade Crossings---pre-signals---proposed 10 years from effective date of Final Rule.

Section 9B.04 Bicycle Lane Signs (R3-17, R3-17a, R3-17b)---deletion of preferential lane symbol (diamond) for bicycle lane signs---January 17, 2006.

Section 9B.17 Bicycle Crossing Warning Sign (W11-1)--- elimination of crosswalk lines from Crossing signs and use of diagonal downward pointing arrow supplemental plaque (W16-7) if at the crossing---January 17, 2011.

Chapter 9C Markings---deletion of preferential lane symbol (diamond) for bicycle pavement markings---January 17, 2007.

Part 10 Traffic Controls for Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossings---automatic gates, flashing-light signals, and blank-out signs---January 17, 2006.

Section 10C.15 Highway-Light Rail Transit Grade Crossing Advance Warning Signs (W10 Series)---removal of existing W10-6 series signs---January 17, 2006.

Part 1

1. Cover. Change: “Incorporating: Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No.1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “ Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Revision No. 1 dated December 28, 2001, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page 1A-4, Section 1A.05, Maintenance of Traffic Control Devices. Under Guidance, change: “Physical maintenance of traffic control devices should be performed to ensure that legibility is retained, that the device is visible, and that it functions properly in relation to other traffic control devices in the vicinity.” to: “Physical maintenance of traffic control devices should be performed to ensure that legibility is retained, that the device is visible, and that the device functions properly in relation to other traffic control devices in the vicinity.”; and remove the last two paragraphs of the Guidance in their entirety.

3. Page 1A-7, Section 1A.10, Interpretations, Experimentations, and Changes. Change the first Guidance to a Standard, and change: “Requests for any interpretation, permission to experiment, or change should be sent...” to: “Requests for any interpretation, permission to experiment, interim approval, or change shall be sent...”; under second Guidance, change Item B from “...the need for a revised interpretation” to: ...the need for an interpretation”; under third Support, change: “Requests to experiment include consideration of testing or evaluating a new traffic control device,...” to: “Requests to experiment include consideration of field deployment for the purpose of testing or evaluating a new traffic control device,…”

4. Page 1A-8, Figure 1A-1,, Typical Process for Requesting and Conducting Experimentations for New Traffic Control Devices. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of.”

5. Page 1A-9, Section 1A.10, Interpretations, Experimentations, and Changes. Under Guidance, in listed item E, change: “A legally binding statement certifying that the traffic control device is not protected by a patent or copyright.” to: “A legally binding statement certifying that the concept of the traffic control device is not protected by a patent or copyright.”

6. Page 1A-10, Section 1A.10, Interpretations, Experimentations, and Changes. Under Guidance after Item C, insert:

Support:

Requests for interim approval include consideration of allowing interim use, pending official rulemaking, of a new traffic control device, a revision to the application or manner of use of an existing traffic control device, or a provision not specifically described in this Manual. If granted, interim approval will result in the traffic control device or application being placed into the next scheduled rulemaking process for revisions to this Manual. The device or application will be permitted to remain in place, under any conditions established in the interim approval, until an official rulemaking action has occurred.

Interim approval is considered based on the results of successful experimentation, results of analytical or laboratory studies, and/or review of non-U.S. experience with a traffic control device or application. Interim approval considerations include an assessment of relative risks, benefits, and costs. Interim approval includes conditions that jurisdictions agree to comply with in order to use the traffic control device or application until an official rulemaking action has occurred.

Standard:

A request for interim approval will be considered only when submitted by the public agency or private toll facility responsible for the operations of the road or street on which the use of a device or application under interim approval is to take place.

Guidance:

The request for permission to place a traffic control device under interim approval should contain the following:

A. A statement indicating the nature of the problem.

B. A description of the proposed change to the traffic control device or application of the traffic control device, how it was developed, the manner in which it deviates from the standard, and how it is expected to be an improvement over existing standards.

C. The location(s) where it will be used and any illustration that would be helpful

to understand the traffic control device or use of the traffic control device.

D. A legally-binding statement certifying that the concept of the traffic control

device is not protected by a patent or copyright.

E. A detailed completed research or evaluation on this traffic control device.

F. An agreement to restore the site(s) of the interim approval to a condition

that complies with the provisions of the Manual within 3 months following

the issuance of a final rule on this traffic control device. This agreement

must also provide that the agency sponsoring the interim approval will

terminate use of the device or application installed under the interim approval

at any time that it determines significant safety concerns are directly or

indirectly attributable to the device or application. The FHWA’s Office of

Transportation Operations has the right to terminate the interim approval at

any time if there is an indication of safety concerns.

Option:

A state may submit a request for interim approval for all jurisdictions in that State, as long as the request contains the information listed in the Guidance above.

Standard:

Once an interim approval is granted to any jurisdiction for a particular traffic control device or application, subsequent jurisdictions shall be granted interim approval for that device or application by submitting a letter to the FHWA Office of Transportation Operations indicating they will abide by item F above and the specific conditions contained in the original interim approval.

A local jurisdiction using a traffic control device or application under an interim approval that was granted either directly to that jurisdiction or on a statewide basis based on the State’s request shall inform the State of the locations of such use.

7. Page 1A-10, Section 1A.11, Relation to Other Documents. Under Standard, change:

“Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings,”1977 Edition (FHWA); “Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs,” 1966 Edition (FHWA); “Standard Color Tolerance Limits,” (FHWA); and “Standard Highway Signs,” 1979 Edition (FHWA).”

to:

“Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings,” 2002 Edition (FHWA); “Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs,” 2002 Edition (FHWA); “Color Specifications for Retroreflective Sign and Pavement Marking Materials,” (FHWA); and “Standard Highway Signs,” 2002 Edition (FHWA)”;

under Support, change:

A. “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads,” Part 1 – 1985 Edition; Part 2 – 1998 Edition (Institute of Transportation Engineers – (ITE)

B. “Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications,” 1985 Edition (ITE)

C. “Purchase Specification for Flashing and Steady Burn Warning Lights,” 1981 Edition (ITE)

D. “Traffic Signal Lamps,” 1980 Edition (ITE)

to:

1. “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets,” 2001 Edition (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials – AASHTO)

2. “Guide for the Development of Bicycle Facilities,” 1999 Edition (AASHTO)

3. “Guide to Metric Conversion,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

4. “Guidelines for the Selection of Supplemental Guide Signs for Traffic Generators Adjacent to Freeways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)”

8. Page 1A-11, Figure 1A-2, Typical Process for Incorporating New Traffic Control Devices Into the MUTCD. In the Figure title, change title from: “Typical” to: “Example of”; Replace the flowchart with a new flowchart, laid out as follows:

1^st row is comprised of 3 action boxes: “Experiment Successful (see Figure 1A-1)”; “Analytical or Laboratory Study Results and/or non-U.S. experimentation”; and “Request for change from jurisdiction or interested party.”

Boxes in 1^st row all flow to single action box in 2^nd row: “FHWA Review.”

2^nd row box flows to question diamond in 3^rd row: “Accepted for Federal rulemaking?” The NO response flows to a second question diamond in 3^rd row: “Further experimentation required?” The NO response flows to action box: “Jurisdiction restores experiment site to original condition.” The YES response flows to action box: “See Figure 1A-1.”

The YES response to 3^rd row “Accepted for Federal rulemaking?” splits flow into two tiers, beginning the 4^th row and flowing parallel to each other.

Tier 1 flows to a question diamond: “Interim approval?” The NO response flows to an action box: “FHWA notifies interested parties (if any).” The YES response flows to a series of action boxes, in order: “FHWA notifies all States and distributes simplified application form for submission by jurisdictions”; “Jurisdictions apply for and receive Interim Approval”; “Jurisdictions deploy devices under Interim Approval conditions.”

Tier 2 flows to a series of action boxes, in order: “FHWA prepares Notice of Proposed Amendment”; FHWA publishes Notice of Proposed Amendment in Federal Register”; “Docket comment period”; “FHWA reviews comments”; “FHWA prepares Final Rule”; “FHWA publishes Final Rule.”

The flow of Tier 2 then splits: One direction flows to a final action box: “States adopt changes within 2 years, unless otherwise noted in Final Rule.”

Second flow direction meets the end of the flow of Tier 1, and flows to a question diamond: “Final Rule different from Interim Approval?” The NO response flows to a final action box: “No action required.” The YES response flows to a final action box: “Jurisdictions restore sites of Interim Approval to previous condition and/or comply with Final Rule.”

9. Page 1A-12, Section 1A.11, Relation to Other Documents. Under Support, change:

E. “Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) and Model Traffic Ordinance,” 1992 Edition (National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances)

F. “Traffic Engineering Handbook,” 1999 Edition (ITE)

G. “Highway Capacity Manual,” 1998 Edition (Transportation Research Board – TRB)

H. “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highway and Streets,” 1994 Edition (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials – AASHTO)

I. “Guidelines for the Selection of Supplemental Guide Signs for Traffic Generators Adjacent to Freeways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

J. “List of Control Cities for Use in Guide Signs on Interstate Highways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

K. “Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies,” 1994 Edition (ITE)

L. “Roadside Design Guide,” 1996 Edition (AASHTO)

M. “School Trip Safety Program Guidelines,” 1984 Edition (ITE)

N. “Manual of Traffic Signal Design,” 1991 Edition (ITE)

O. “Traffic Detector Handbook,” 1991 Edition (ITE)

P. “2000 AREMA Communications & Signals Manual,” American Railway Engineering & Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA)

Q. “Preemption of Traffic Signals at or Near Railroad Grade Crossings with Active Warning Devices,” (ITE)

R. “Highway-Rail Intersection Architecture,” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (USDOT/FRA)

S. “Practice for Roadway Lighting,” RP-8, 1983, Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)

T. “Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of Commercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps),” Safety Library Publication No. 20, Institute of Makers of Explosives

U. “Accessible Pedestrian Signals,” A-37, U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (The U. S. Access Board)

to:

5. “List of Control Cities for Use in Guide Signs on Interstate Highways,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

6. “Roadside Design Guide,” 1996 Edition (AASHTO)

7. “Standard Specifications for Movable Highway Bridges,” 1988 Edition (AASHTO)

8. “Traffic Engineering Metric Conversion Folders – Addendum to the Guide to Metric Conversion,” 1993 Edition (AASHTO)

9. “2000 AREMA Communications & Signals Manual,” American Railway Engineering & Maintenance-of-Way Association (AREMA)

10. “Designing Sidewalks and Trails for Access – Part 2 – Best Practices Design Guide,” 2001 Edition (FHWA) [Publication No. FHWA – EP – 01 – 027]

11. “Practice for Roadway Lighting,” RP-8, 1983, Illuminating Engineering Society (IES)

12. “Safety Guide for the Prevention of Radio Frequency Radiation Hazards in the Use of Commercial Electric Detonators (Blasting Caps),” Safety Library Publication No. 20, Institute of Makers of Explosives

13. “American National Standard for High-Visibility Safety Apparel,” (ANSI/ISEA 107-1999), 1999 Edition, ISEA – The Safety Equipment Association

14. “Manual of Traffic Signal Design,” 1991 Edition (Institute of Transportation Engineers - ITE)

15. “Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies,” 1994 Edition (ITE)

16. “Pedestrian Traffic Control Signal Indications,” 1985 Edition (ITE)

17. “Preemption of Traffic Signals at or Near Railroad Grade Crossings with Active Warning Devices,” (ITE)

18. “Purchase Specification for Flashing and Steady Burn Warning Lights,” 1981 Edition (ITE)

19. “School Trip Safety Program Guidelines,” 1984 Edition (ITE)

20. “Traffic Detector Handbook,” 1991 Edition (ITE)

21. “Traffic Engineering Handbook,” 1999 Edition (ITE)

22. “Traffic Signal Lamps,” 1980 Edition (ITE)

23. “Traffic Control Devices Handbook,” 2001 Edition (ITE)

24. “Vehicle Traffic Control Signal Heads,” Part 1 – 1985 Edition; Part 2 - 1998 Edition (ITE)

25. “Uniform Vehicle Code (UVC) and Model Traffic Ordinance,” 1992 Edition (National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances)

26. “Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulations (Standards – 29 CFR), General Safety and Health Provisions – 1926.20” amended June 30, 1993, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

27. “Highway Capacity Manual,” 1998 Edition (Transportation Research Board – TRB)

28. “Recommended Procedures for The Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features,” (NCHRP Report 350), 1993 Edition (Transportation Research Board – TRB)

29. “Accessible Pedestrian Signals,” A-37, U.S. Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (The U.S. Access Board)

30. “Building a True Community – Final Report – Public Rights-of-Way Access Advisory Committee (PRWAAC),” 2001 Edition (The U.S. Access Board)

31. “The Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG),” July 1998 Edition (The U.S. Access Board)

32. “Highway-Rail Intersection Architecture,” U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration (USDOT/FRA)

10. Page 1A-12, Section 1A.12, Color Code. Under Support, change: “The following color code establishes general meanings for 9 colors of a total of 12 colors…” to: “The following color code establishes general meanings for 10 colors of a total of 12 colors…”

11. Page 1A-13, Section 1A.12, Color Code. Under Support, change: “The three colors for which general meanings…” to: “The two colors for which general meanings...” Under Standard, change:

A. Yellow – warning

B. Red – stop or prohibition

C. Blue – road user services guidance, tourist information, and evacuation route

D. Green – indicated movements permitted, direction guidance

E. Brown – recreational and cultural interest area guidance

F. Orange – temporary traffic control

G. Black – regulation

H. White – regulation

I. Fluorescent Yellow-Green – pedestrian warning, bicycle warning, school bus and school warning

J. Purple – unassigned

K. Light Blue – unassigned

L. Coral – unassigned

to:

A. Black – regulation

B. Blue – road user services guidance, tourist information, and evacuation route

C. Brown – recreational and cultural interest area guidance

D. Coral – incident management

E. Fluorescent Yellow-Green – pedestrian warning, bicycle warning, school bus and school warning

F. Green – indicated movements permitted, direction guidance

G. Light Blue – unassigned

H. Orange – temporary traffic control

I. Purple – unassigned

J. Red – stop or prohibition

K. White – regulation

L. Yellow – warning

12. Pages 1A-14 through 1A-22, Section 1A.13, Definitions of Words and Phrases in This Manual. Under Standard, change:

1. Active Grade Crossing Warning System – the flashing-light signals, with or without warning gates, together with the necessary control equipment used to inform road users of the approach or presence of trains at highway-rail grade crossings.

2. Approach – all lanes of traffic moving towards an intersection or a midblock location from one direction, including any adjacent parking lane(s).

3. Arterial Highway (Street) – a general term denoting a highway primarily used by through traffic, usually on a continuous route or a highway designated as part of an arterial system.

4. Average Day – a day representing traffic volumes normally and repeatedly found at a location, typically a weekday when volumes are influenced by employment or a weekend when volumes are influenced by entertainment or recreation.

5. Beacon -- a highway traffic signal with one or more signal sections that operates in a flashing mode.

6. Bicycle -- a pedal-powered vehicle upon which the human operator sits.

7. Bicycle Lane – a portion of a roadway that has been designated by signs and pavement markings for preferential or exclusive use by bicyclists.

8. Centerline Markings – the yellow pavement marking line(s) that delineates the separation of traffic lanes that have opposite directions of travel on a roadway. These markings need not be at the geometrical center of the pavement.

9. Changeable Message Signs – signs that are capable of displaying more than one message, changeable manually, by remote control, or by automatic control. These signs are referred to as Dynamic Message Signs in the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture.

10. Channelizing Line Marking – a wide or double solid white line used to form islands where traffic in the same direction of travel is permitted on both sides of the island.

11. Circular Intersection – an intersection that has an island, generally circular in design, located in the center of the intersection where traffic passes to the right of the island. Circular intersections include roundabouts, rotaries, and traffic circles.

12. Clear Zone – the total roadside border area, starting at the edge of the traveled way, that is wide enough to allow an errant driver to stop or regain control of a vehicle. This area might consist of a shoulder, a recoverable slope, and/or a nonrecoverable, traversable slope with a clear run-out area at its toe.

13. Concurrent Flow HOV Lane – an HOV lane that is operated in the same direction as the adjacent mixed flow lanes, separated from the adjacent general purpose freeway lanes by a standard lane stripe, painted buffer, or barrier.

14. Contraflow Lane – a lane operating in a direction opposite to the normal flow of traffic designated for peak direction of travel during at least a portion of the day. Contraflow lanes are usually separated from the off-peak direction lanes by plastic pylons, or by moveable or permanent barrier.

15. Conventional Road – a street or highway other than a low-volume road (as defined in Section 5A.01), expressway, or freeway.

16. Collector Highway – a term denoting a highway that in rural areas connects small towns and local highways to arterial highways, and in urban areas provides land access and traffic circulation within residential, commercial and business areas and connects local highways to the arterial highways.

17. Crosswalk – (a) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway, and in the absence of a sidewalk on one side of the roadway, the part of a roadway included within the extension of the lateral lines of the sidewalk at right angles to the centerline; (b) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface.

18. Crosswalk Lines – white pavement marking lines that identify a crosswalk.

19. Delineators – retroreflective devices mounted on the roadway surface or at the side of the roadway in a series to indicate the alignment of the roadway, especially at night or in adverse weather.

20. Dynamic Envelope – the clearance required for the train and its cargo overhang due to any combination of loading, lateral motion, or suspension failure.

21. Edge Line Markings – white or yellow pavement marking lines that delineate the right or left edge(s) of a traveled way.

22. End-of-Roadway Marker – a device used to warn and alert road users of the end of a roadway in other than temporary traffic control zones.

23. Engineering Judgment – the evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. Engineering judgment shall be exercised by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. Documentation of engineering judgment is not required.

24. Engineering Study – the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. An engineering study shall be performed by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. An engineering study shall be documented.

25. Expressway – a divided highway with partial control of access.

26. Flashing (Flashing Mode) – a mode of operation in which a traffic signal indication is turned on and off repetitively.

27. Freeway – a divided highway with full control of access.

28. Guide Sign – a sign that shows route designations, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other geographical, recreational, or cultural information.

29. High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) – a motor vehicle carrying at least two or more persons, including carpools, vanpools, and buses.

30. Highway – a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of travel by vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

31. Highway-Rail Grade Crossing – the general area where a highway and a railroad’s right-of-way cross at the same level, within which are included the railroad tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for highway traffic traversing that area.

32. Highway Traffic Signal – a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include power-operated signs, illuminated pavement markers, barricade warning lights, or steady burning electric lamps.

33. HOV Lane – any preferential lane designated for exclusive use by high-occupancy vehicles for all or part of a day – including a designated lane on a freeway, other highway, street, or independent roadway on a separate right-of-way.

34. Interchange – a system of interconnecting roadways providing for traffic movement between two or more highways that do not intersect at grade.

35. Intermediate Interchange – an interchange with an urban or rural route that is not a major or minor interchange as defined herein.

36. Intersection – (a) the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle may come into conflict; (b) the junction of an alley or driveway with a roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection.

37. Island – a defined area between traffic lanes for control of vehicular movements or for pedestrian refuge. It includes all end protection and approach treatments. Within an intersection area, a median or an outer separation is considered to be an island.

38. Lane Line Markings – white pavement marking lines that delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have the same direction of travel on a roadway.

39. Lane-Use Control Signal – a signal face displaying indications to permit or prohibit the use of specific lanes of a roadway or to indicate the impending prohibition of such use.

40. Legend – see Sign Legend.

41. Logo – a distinctive emblem, symbol, or trademark that identifies a product or service.

42. Longitudinal Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed parallel and adjacent to the flow of traffic such as lane lines, centerlines, edge lines, channelizing lines, and others.

43. Major Interchange – an interchange with another freeway or expressway, or an interchange with a high-volume multilane highway, principal urban arterial, or major rural route where the interchanging traffic is heavy or includes many road users unfamiliar with the area.

44. Major Street – the street normally carrying the higher volume of vehicular traffic.

45. Median – the area between two roadways of a divided highway measured from edge of traveled way to edge of traveled way. The median excludes turn lanes. The median width might be different between intersections, interchanges, and at opposite approaches of the same intersection.

46. Minor Interchange – an interchange where traffic is local and very light, such as interchanges with land service access roads. Where the sum of the exit volumes is estimated to be lower than 100 vehicles per day in the design year, the interchange is classified as local.

47. Minor Street – the street normally carrying the lower volume of vehicular traffic.

48. Object Markers - devices used to mark obstructions within or adjacent to the roadway.

49. Occupancy Requirement – any restriction that regulates the use of a facility for any period of the day based on a specified number of persons in a vehicle.

50. Occupants – the people driving or riding in a car, truck, bus, or other vehicle.

51. Paved – a bituminous surface treatment, mixed bituminous concrete, or Portland cement concrete roadway surface that has both a structural (weight bearing) and a sealing purpose for the roadway.

52. Pedestrian – a person afoot, in a wheelchair, on skates, or on a skateboard.

53. Platoon – a group of vehicles or pedestrians traveling together as a group, either voluntarily or involuntarily, because of traffic signal controls, geometrics, or other factors.

54. Preferential Lane Marking – white lines formed in a diamond shape.

55. Principal Legend – place names, street names, and route numbers placed on guide signs.

56. Public Road – any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public agency and open to public travel.

57. Raised Pavement Marker – a device with a height of at least 10 mm (0.4 in) mounted on or in a road surface and intended to supplement or substitute for pavement markings.

58. Regulatory Signs – a sign that gives notice to road users of traffic laws or regulations.

59. Retroreflectivity – a property of a surface that allows a large portion of the light coming from a point source to be returned directly back to a point near its origin.

60. Right-of-Way [Assignment] – the permitting of vehicles and/or pedestrians to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to other vehicles or pedestrians by the display of sign or signal indications.

61. Road – see Roadway.

62. Roadway – that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, but exclusive of the sidewalk, berm, or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm, or shoulder is used by persons riding bicycles or other human-powered vehicles. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways, the term roadway as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately, but not to all such roadways collectively.

63. Roadway Network – a geographical arrangement of intersecting roadways.

64. Road User – a vehicle operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian within the highway, including workers in temporary traffic control zones.

65. Rumble Strip – a series of intermittent, narrow, transverse areas of rough-textured, slightly raised, or depressed road surface that is installed to alert road users to unusual traffic conditions.

66. Rural Highway – a type of roadway normally characterized by lower volumes, higher speeds, fewer turning conflicts, and less conflict with pedestrians.

67. Shared Roadway – a roadway that is officially designated and marked as a bicycle route, but which is open to motor vehicle travel and upon which no bicycle lane is designated.

68. Shared-Use Path – a bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent alignment. Shared-used paths might also be used by pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair users, joggers, and other nonmotorized users.

69. Sidewalk – that portion of a street between the curb line, or the lateral line of a roadway, and the adjacent property line or on easements of private property, intended for use by pedestrians.

70. Sign – any traffic control device that is intended to communicate specific information to road users through a word or symbol legend. Signs do not include traffic control signals, pavement markings, delineators, or channelization devices.

71. Sign Assembly – a group of signs, located on the same support(s), that supplement one another in conveying information to road users.

72. Sign Illumination – either internal or external lighting that shows similar color by day or night. Street, highway, or strobe lighting shall not be considered as meeting this definition.

73. Sign Legend – all word messages, logos, and symbol designs that are intended to convey specific meanings.

74. Sign Panel – a separate panel or piece of material containing a word or symbol legend that is affixed to the face of a sign.

75. Speed – speed is defined based on the following classifications:

(a) Advisory Speed – a recommended speed for all highway vehicles operating on a section of highway and based on the highway design, operating characteristics, and conditions.

(b) Average Speed – the summation of the instantaneous or spot-measured speeds at a specific location of vehicles divided by the number of vehicles observed.

(d) 85th-Percentile Speed – The speed at or below which 85 percent of the motorized vehicles travel.

(e) Operating Speed – a speed at which a typical vehicle or the overall traffic operates. Operating speed may be defined with speed values such as the average, pace, or 85th percentile speeds.

(f) Pace Speed – the highest speed within a specific range of speeds that represents more vehicles than in any other like range of speed. The range of speeds typically used is 10 km/h or 10 mph.

(g) Posted Speed – the speed limit determined by law and shown on Speed Limit signs.

(h) Statutory Speed – a speed limit established by legislative action that typically is applicable for highways with specified design, functional, jurisdictional and/or location characteristic and is not necessarily shown on Speed Limit signs.

76. Speed Limit – the maximum (or minimum) speed applicable to a section of highway as established by law.

77. Speed Measurement Marking – a white transverse pavement marking placed on the roadway to assist the enforcement of speed regulations.

78. Speed Zone – a section of highway with a speed limit that is established by law but which may be different from a legislatively specified statutory speed limit.

79. Stop Line – a solid white pavement marking line extending across approach lanes to indicate the point at which a stop is intended or required to be made.

80. Street – see Highway.

81. Temporary Traffic Control Zone – an area of a highway where road user conditions are changed because of a work zone or incident by the use of temporary traffic control devices, flaggers, police, or other authorized personnel.

82. Traffic – pedestrians, bicyclists, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, and other conveyances either singularly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel.

83. Traffic Control Devices – all signs, signals, markings, and other devices used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, pedestrian facility, or bicycle path by authority of a public agency having jurisdiction.

84. Traffic Control Signal (Traffic Signal) – any highway traffic signal by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed.

85. Train – one or more locomotives coupled, with or without cars, that operates on rails or tracks and to which all other traffic must yield the right-of-way by law at highway-rail grade crossings.

86. Transverse Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed perpendicular and across the flow of traffic such as shoulder markings, word and symbol markings, stop lines, crosswalk lines, speed measurement markings, parking space markings, and others.

87. Traveled Way – the portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of the shoulders, berms, sidewalks, and parking lanes.

88. Urban Street—a type of street normally characterized by relatively low speeds, wide ranges of traffic volumes, narrower lanes, frequent intersections and driveways, significant pedestrian traffic, and more businesses and houses.

89. Vehicle – every device in, upon, or by which any person or property can be transported or drawn upon a highway, except trains and light rail transit operating in exclusive or semiexclusive alignments. Light rail transit operating in a mixed-use alignment, to which other traffic is not required to yield the right-of-way by law, is a vehicle.

90 Warning Sign – a sign that gives notice to road users of a situation that might not be readily apparent.

91. Warrant – a warrant describes threshold conditions to the engineer in evaluating the potential safety and operational benefits of traffic control devices and is based upon average or normal conditions. Warrants are not a substitute for engineering judgment. The fact that a warrant for a particular traffic control device is met is not conclusive justification for the installation of the device.

92. Wrong-Way Arrows – slender, elongated, white pavement marking arrows placed upstream from the ramp terminus to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong-way arrows are intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction.

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2. Approach – all lanes of traffic moving towards an intersection or a midblock location from one direction, including any adjacent parking lane(s).

3. Arterial Highway (Street) – a general term denoting a highway primarily used by through traffic, usually on a continuous route or a highway designated as part of an arterial system.

4. Average Day – a day representing traffic volumes normally and repeatedly found at a location, typically a weekday when volumes are influenced by employment or a weekend day when volumes are influenced by entertainment or recreation.

5. Beacon –a highway traffic signal, vehicle hazard warning signal, or temporary traffic control warning light that operates in a flashing mode.

6. Bicycle –a pedal-powered vehicle upon which the human operator sits.

7. Bicycle Lane – a portion of a roadway that has been designated by signs and pavement markings for preferential or exclusive use by bicyclists.

9. Changeable Message Sign – a sign that is capable of displaying more than one message, changeable manually, by remote control, or by automatic control. These signs are referred to as Dynamic Message Signs in the National Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture.

10. Channelizing Line Marking – a wide or double solid white line used to form islands where traffic in the same direction of travel is permitted on both sides of the island.

12. Clear Zone – the total roadside border area, starting at the edge of the traveled way, that is available for an errant driver to stop or regain control of a vehicle. This area might consist of a shoulder, a recoverable slope, and/or a nonrecoverable, traversable slope with a clear run-out area at its toe.

15. Conventional Road – a street or highway other than a low-volume road (as defined in Section 5A.01), expressway, or freeway.

17. Crashworthy – a characteristic of a roadside appurtenance that has been successfully crash tested in accordance with a national standard such as National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report 350, “Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features.”

18. Crosswalk –(a) that part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway, and in the absence of a sidewalk on one side of the roadway, the part of a roadway included within the extension of the lateral lines of the sidewalk at right angles to the centerline; (b) any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated as a pedestrian crossing by lines on the surface, which may be supplemented by contrasting pavement texture, style, or color.

19. Crosswalk Lines – white pavement marking lines that identify a crosswalk.

20. Delineator – a retroreflective device mounted on the roadway surface or at the side of the roadway in a series to indicate the alignment of the roadway, especially at night or in adverse weather.

21. Detectable – having a continuous edge within 150 mm (6 in) of the surface so that pedestrians who have visual disabilities can sense its presence and receive usable guidance information.

22. Dynamic Envelope – the clearance required for the train and its cargo overhang due to any combination of loading, lateral motion, or suspension failure.

23. Edge Line Markings – white or yellow pavement marking lines that delineate the right or left edge(s) of a traveled way.

24. End-of-Roadway Marker – a device used to warn and alert road users of the end of a roadway in other than temporary traffic control zones.

25. Engineering Judgment – the evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. Engineering judgment shall be exercised by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. Documentation of engineering judgment is not required.

26. Engineering Study – the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of available pertinent information, and the application of appropriate principles, Standards, Guidance, and practices as contained in this Manual and other sources, for the purpose of deciding upon the applicability, design, operation, or installation of a traffic control device. An engineering study shall be performed by an engineer, or by an individual working under the supervision of an engineer, through the application of procedures and criteria established by the engineer. An engineering study shall be documented.

27. Expressway – a divided highway with partial control of access.

28. Flashing – an operation in which a signal indication is turned on and off repetitively.

29. Freeway – a divided highway with full control of access.

30. Guide Sign – a sign that shows route designations, destinations, directions, distances, services, points of interest, or other geographical, recreational, or cultural information.

31. High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) – a motor vehicle carrying at least two or more persons, including carpools, vanpools, and buses.

32. Highway – a general term for denoting a public way for purposes of travel by vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

33. Highway-Rail Grade Crossing – the general area where a highway and a railroad’s right-of-way cross at the same level, within which are included the railroad tracks, highway, and traffic control devices for highway traffic traversing that area.

34. Highway Traffic Signal – a power-operated traffic control device by which traffic is warned or directed to take some specific action. These devices do not include signals at toll plazas, power-operated signs, illuminated pavement markers, warning lights (see Section 6F.74), or steady burning electric lamps.

35. HOV Lane – any preferential lane designated for exclusive use by high-occupancy vehicles for all or part of a day – including a designated lane on a freeway, other highway, street, or independent roadway on a separate right-of-way.

36. Inherently Low Emission Vehicle (ILEV) – any kind of vehicle that, because of inherent properties of the fuel system design, will not have significant evaporative emissions, even if its evaporative emission control system has failed.

37. Interchange – a system of interconnecting roadways providing for traffic movement between two or more highways that do not intersect at grade.

38. Intermediate Interchange – an interchange with an urban or rural route that is not a major or minor interchange as defined herein.

39. Intersection – (a) the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or if none, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling on different highways that join at any other angle might come into conflict; (b) the junction of an alley or driveway with a roadway or highway shall not constitute an intersection.

40. Island – a defined area between traffic lanes for control of vehicular movements or for pedestrian refuge. It includes all end protection and approach treatments. Within an intersection area, a median or an outer separation is considered to be an island.

41. Lane Line Markings – white pavement marking lines that delineate the separation of traffic lanes that have the same direction of travel on a roadway.

42. Lane-Use Control Signal – a signal face displaying indications to permit or prohibit the use of specific lanes of a roadway or to indicate the impending prohibition of such use.

43. Legend – see Sign Legend.

44. Logo – a distinctive emblem, symbol, or trademark that identifies a product or service.

45. Longitudinal Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed parallel and adjacent to the flow of traffic such as lane lines, centerlines, edge lines, channelizing lines, and others.

46. Major Interchange – an interchange with another freeway or expressway, or an interchange with a high-volume multilane highway, principal urban arterial, or major rural route where the interchanging traffic is heavy or includes many road users unfamiliar with the area.

47. Major Street – the street normally carrying the higher volume of vehicular traffic.

48. Median – the area between two roadways of a divided highway measured from edge of traveled way to edge of traveled way. The median excludes turn lanes. The median width might be different between intersections, interchanges, and at opposite approaches of the same intersection.

49. Minor Interchange – an interchange where traffic is local and very light, such as interchanges with land service access roads. Where the sum of the exit volumes is estimated to be lower than 100 vehicles per day in the design year, the interchange is classified as local.

50. Minor Street – the street normally carrying the lower volume of vehicular traffic.

51. Object Marker – a device used to mark obstructions within or adjacent to the roadway.

52. Occupancy Requirement – any restriction that regulates the use of a facility for any period of the day based on a specified number of persons in a vehicle.

53. Occupant – a person driving or riding in a car, truck, bus, or other vehicle.

54. Paved – a bituminous surface treatment, mixed bituminous concrete, or Portland cement concrete roadway surface that has both a structural (weight bearing) and a sealing purpose for the roadway.

55. Pedestrian – a person afoot, in a wheelchair, on skates, or on a skateboard.

56. Pedestrian Facilities – a general term denoting improvements and provisions made by public agencies to accommodate or encourage walking.

57. Platoon – a group of vehicles or pedestrians traveling together as a group, either voluntarily or involuntarily, because of traffic signal controls, geometrics, or other factors.

58. Principal Legend – place names, street names, and route numbers placed on guide signs.

59. Public Road – any road or street under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public agency and open to public travel.

60. Raised Pavement Marker – a device with a height of at least 10 mm (0.4 in) mounted on or in a road surface and intended to supplement or substitute for pavement markings.

61. Regulatory Sign – a sign that gives notice to road users of traffic laws or regulations.

62. Retroreflectivity – a property of a surface that allows a large portion of the light coming from a point source to be returned directly back to a point near its origin.

63. Right-of-Way [Assignment] – the permitting of vehicles and/or pedestrians to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to other vehicles or pedestrians by the display of sign or signal indications.

64. Road – see Roadway.

65. Roadway – that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel and parking lanes, but exclusive of the sidewalk, berm, or shoulder even though such sidewalk, berm, or shoulder is used by persons riding bicycles or other human-powered vehicles. In the event a highway includes two or more separate roadways, the term roadway as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately, but not to all such roadways collectively.

66. Roadway Network – a geographical arrangement of intersecting roadways.

67. Road User – a vehicle operator, bicyclist, or pedestrian within the highway, including workers in temporary traffic control zones.

68. Roundabout Intersection – a circular intersection with yield control of all entering traffic, channelized approaches, and appropriate geometric curvature to ensure that travel speeds on the circulatory roadway are typically less than 50 km/h (30 mph).

69. Rumble Strip – a series of intermittent, narrow, transverse areas of rough-textured, slightly raised, or depressed road surface that is installed to alert road users to unusual traffic conditions.

70. Rural Highway – a type of roadway normally characterized by lower volumes, higher speeds, fewer turning conflicts, and less conflict with pedestrians.

71. Shared Roadway – a roadway that is officially designated and marked as a bicycle route, but which is open to motor vehicle travel and upon which no bicycle lane is designated.

72. Shared-Use Path – a bikeway physically separated from motorized vehicular traffic by an open space or barrier and either within the highway right-of-way or within an independent alignment. Shared-used paths might also be used by pedestrians, skaters, wheelchair users, joggers, and other nonmotorized users.

73. Sidewalk – that portion of a street between the curb line, or the lateral line of a roadway, and the adjacent property line or on easements of private property, intended for use by pedestrians.

74. Sign – any traffic control device that is intended to communicate specific information to road users through a word or symbol legend. Signs do not include traffic control signals, pavement markings, delineators, or channelization devices.

75. Sign Assembly – a group of signs, located on the same support(s), that supplement one another in conveying information to road users.

76. Sign Illumination – either internal or external lighting that shows similar color by day or night. Street, highway, or strobe lighting shall not be considered as meeting this definition.

77. Sign Legend – all word messages, logos, and symbol designs that are intended to convey specific meanings.

78. Sign Panel – a separate panel or piece of material containing a word or symbol legend that is affixed to the face of a sign.

79. Speed – speed is defined based on the following classifications:

(a) Advisory Speed – a recommended speed for all highway vehicles operating on a section of highway and based on the highway design, operating characteristics, and conditions.

(b) Average Speed – the summation of the instantaneous or spot-measured speeds at a specific location of vehicles divided by the number of vehicles observed.

(d) 85th-Percentile Speed – The speed at or below which 85 percent of the motorized vehicles travel.

(e) Operating Speed – a speed at which a typical vehicle or the overall traffic operates. Operating speed may be defined with speed values such as the average, pace, or 85th percentile speeds.

(f) Pace Speed – the highest speed within a specific range of speeds that represents more vehicles than in any other like range of speed. The range of speeds typically used is 10 km/h or 10 mph.

(g) Posted Speed – the speed limit determined by law and shown on Speed Limit signs.

80. Speed Limit – the maximum (or minimum) speed applicable to a section of highway as established by law.

81. Speed Measurement Marking – a white transverse pavement marking placed on the roadway to assist the enforcement of speed regulations.

82. Speed Zone – a section of highway with a speed limit that is established by law but which might be different from a legislatively specified statutory speed limit.

83. Stop Line – a solid white pavement marking line extending across approach lanes to indicate the point at which a stop is intended or required to be made.

84. Street – see Highway.

85. Temporary Traffic Control Zone – an area of a highway where road user conditions are changed because of a work zone or incident by the use of temporary traffic control devices, flaggers, police, or other authorized personnel.

86. Traffic – pedestrians, bicyclists, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars, and other conveyances either singularly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel.

87. Traffic Control Device – a sign, signal, marking, or other device used to regulate, warn, or guide traffic, placed on, over, or adjacent to a street, highway, pedestrian facility, or bicycle path by authority of a public agency having jurisdiction.

88. Traffic Control Signal (Traffic Signal) – any highway traffic signal by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed.

89. Train – one or more locomotives coupled, with or without cars, that operates on rails or tracks and to which all other traffic must yield the right-of-way by law at highway-rail grade crossings.

90. Transverse Markings – pavement markings that are generally placed perpendicular and across the flow of traffic such as shoulder markings, word and symbol markings, stop lines, crosswalk lines, speed measurement markings, parking space markings, and others.

91. Traveled Way – the portion of the roadway for the movement of vehicles, exclusive of the shoulders, berms, sidewalks, and parking lanes.

92. Urban Street—a type of street normally characterized by relatively low speeds, wide ranges of traffic volumes, narrower lanes, frequent intersections and driveways, significant pedestrian traffic, and more businesses and houses.

93. Vehicle – every device in, upon, or by which any person or property can be transported or drawn upon a highway, except trains and light rail transit operating in exclusive or semiexclusive alignments. Light rail transit operating in a mixed-use alignment, to which other traffic is not required to yield the right-of-way by law, is a vehicle.

94 Warning Sign – a sign that gives notice to road users of a situation that might not be readily apparent.

95. Warrant – a warrant describes threshold conditions to the engineer in evaluating the potential safety and operational benefits of traffic control devices and is based upon average or normal conditions. Warrants are not a substitute for engineering judgment. The fact that a warrant for a particular traffic control device is met is not conclusive justification for the installation of the device.

96. Wrong-Way Arrow – a slender, elongated, white pavement marking arrow placed upstream from the ramp terminus to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow. Wrong-way arrows are intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction.

13. Page 1A-23, Section 1A.14, Abbreviations Used on Traffic Control Devices. Under first Standard, change: “When abbreviations are needed for traffic control devices, the abbreviations shown in Table 1A-1 shall be used.” to: “When the word messages shown in Table 1A-1 need to be abbreviated in connection with traffic control devices, the abbreviations shown in Table 1A-1 shall be used.”; under second Standard, change: “The abbreviations shown in Table 1A-3 shall not be used in connection with traffic control device because of their potential to be misinterpreted by road users.” to: “The abbreviations shown in Table 1A-3 shall not be used in connection with traffic control devices because of their potential to be misinterpreted by road users.”; after the second Standard, add a second Guidance: “Where multiple abbreviations are permitted in Tables 1A-1 or 1A-2, the same abbreviation should be used throughout a single jurisdiction.”

14. Page 1A-24, Table 1A-1, Acceptable Abbreviations. Replace the existing table in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 1A-1 include: adding abbreviations for the word messages Circle, Court, Inherently Low Emission Vehicle, Parkway, Place, Terrace, Trail, and Vehicle; and changing the abbreviations for the word messages Eastbound, Northbound, Southbound, and Westbound.

15. Page 1A-25, Table 1A-2, Abbreviations That Are Acceptable Only with a Prompt Word. Replace the existing table in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 1A-2 include: adding a row for the word Chemical; and removing the rows for the words Eastbound, Northbound, Southbound, Vehicle, and Westbound.

Part 2

1. Cover of Part 2. Change: “Incorporating: Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page 2A-3, Section 2A.06, Design of Signs. Under Support, in the second paragraph change: “In the specifications for individual signs, the legend, color, and size are shown in the accompanying tables…” to: “In the specifications for individual signs, the general appearance of the legend, color, and size are shown in the accompanying tables…”

3. Page 2A-4, Section 2A.06, Design of Signs. Under Standard, add a new fifth paragraph: “Unless otherwise stated in this Manual for a specific sign, phone numbers or Internet addresses shall not be shown on any sign, supplemental plaque, sign panel (including logo panels on specific service signs), or changeable message sign.”

4. Page 2A-4, Section 2A.07, Changeable Message Signs. Under Standard, change:

Changeable message signs, which are traffic control devices designed to display variable messages, shall conform to the principles established in this Manual, and to the extent practical, with the design and applications prescribed in Sections 6F.52 and 6F.55.

to:

To the extent practical, changeable message signs, which are traffic control devices designed to display variable messages, shall conform to the principles established in this Manual, and with the design and applications prescribed in Sections 2E.21, 6F.02 and 6F.52.

under Guidance, change: “Changeable message signs should not be used to display information other than regulatory, warning, and guidance information related to traffic control.” to: “Except for safety messages, changeable message signs should not be used to display information other than regulatory, warning, and guidance information related to traffic control.”; under Support, in the first paragraph change:

Changeable message signs, with more sophisticated technologies, are gaining widespread use to inform road users of variable situations, particularly along congested traffic corridors. Highway and transportation organizations are encouraged to develop and experiment (see Section 1A.10) with changeable message signs and to carefully evaluate such installations so that additional standards may be adopted in the future.

to:

Under the Support, in the second paragraph, at the end of the first sentence, change: “…Section 6F.02.” to: “…Section 6F.52.”; and under the Support, in the second paragraph, after the first sentence, add “Section 1A.14 contains information regarding the use of abbreviations on traffic control devices, including changeable message signs”; following the Support, add:

Option:

Changeable message signs, both permanent and portable, may be used by State and local highway agencies to display safety or transportation-related messages.

Support:

Examples of safety messages include SEAT BELTS BUCKLED? and DON’T DRINK AND DRIVE. Examples of transportation-related messages include CARPOOL INFO 1-800-XXX-XXXX and OZONE ALERT CODE RED—USE TRANSIT.

Guidance:

When a changeable message sign is used to display a safety or transportation-related message, the requirements of Section 6F.52 should be followed. The message should be simple, brief, legible, and clear. A changeable message sign should not be used to display a safety or transportation-related message if doing so would adversely affect the respect for the sign. “Congestion Ahead” or other overly simplistic or vague messages should not be displayed alone. These messages should be supplemented with a messages on the location or distance to the congestion or incident, how much delay is expected, alternative route, etc.

Standard:

When a changeable message sign is used to display a safety or transportation-related message, the display format shall not be of a type that could be considered similar to advertising displays. The display format shall not include animation, rapid flashing, or other dynamic elements that are characteristic of sports scoreboards or advertising displays.

5. Page 2A-5, Section 2A.08, Retroreflectivity and Illumination. Under Standard, in the second paragraph change: “The requirements for sign illumination shall not be considered to be satisfied by street, highway, or strobe lighting.” to: “The requirements for sign illumination shall not be considered to be satisfied by street or highway lighting.”; At the end of the section, add a Support: “Information regarding the use of retroreflective material on the sign support is contained in Section 2A-22.”

6. Page 2A-6, Table 2A-1, Illumination of Sign Elements. Change the fourth row in the first column from: “Other devices, or treatments that highlight the sign shape, color, or message at night: Luminous tubing, Fiber optics (shaped to the lettering or symbol), Patterns of incandescent light bulbs, Luminescent panels” to: “Other devices, or treatments that highlight the sign shape, color, or message: Luminous tubing, Fiber optics, Light emitting diodes (LEDs), Incandescent light bulbs, Luminescent panels”.

7. Page 2A-7, Table 2A-3, Use of Sign Shapes. Remove “Emergency Evacuation Route Marker” from the list of circle signs, change the list of trapezoid signs from: “* Recreational Series” to: “Recreational and Cultural Interest Area Series, National Forest Route Sign”; and in the footnotes to the table change: “* Indicates exclusive use, ** Guide series includes general service, specific service, and recreation signs” to: “* This sign shall be exclusively the shape shown. ** Guide series include general service, specific service, recreation, and emergency management signs.”

8. Page 2A-8, Section 2A.11, Sign Colors. Under Standard, change: “The colors to be used on standard signs and their specific use on these signs shall be as indicated in the specific Sections of Part 2. The color coordinates and values shall be as described in the "Standard Highway Signs" book.” to: “The colors to be used on standard signs and their specific use on these signs shall be as indicated in the applicable Sections of this Manual. The color coordinates and values shall be as described in 23 CFR, Part 655, Subpart F, Appendix.”; under Support, in the third paragraph, change: “The colors purple, light blue, and coral are being reserved for uses that will be determined in the future by the Federal Highway Administration.” to: “The colors purple and light blue are being reserved for uses that will be determined in the future by the Federal Highway Administration”; add a fourth paragraph to the Support: “Information regarding color coding of destinations on guide signs is contained in Section 2D.03.”

9. Page 2A-8, Section 2A.12, Dimensions. Under Support, add a new second paragraph:

The “Standard Highway Signs” book prescribes design details for up to five different sizes depending on the type of traffic facility, including bikeways. Smaller sizes are designed to be used on bikeways and some other off-road applications. Larger sizes are designed for use on freeways and expressways, and can also be used to enhance road user safety and convenience on other facilities, especially on multilane divided highways and on undivided highways having five or more lanes of traffic and/or high speeds. The intermediate sizes are designed to be used on two-lane, three-lane, and four-lane highways that have low speeds and volumes.

10. Page 2A-9. Table 2A-4, Common Uses of Sign Colors. Immediately after the column for “FYG*”, add a new column: “Coral”; immediately after the row for “Temporary Traffic Control” signs, add 2 new rows: “Incident Management” with “X” marks in the “Black” legend column and the “Coral” background column and “Changeable Message Signs **” with “X” marks in the “White” and “Yellow” legend columns and the “Black” background column. Add a new footnote under the table: “** For changeable message signs: FYG pixels may also be used. Reverse colors may also be used.”

11. Page 2A-10, Section 2A.14, Word Messages. Under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “Word messages should be as brief as possible and the lettering should be large enough to provide the necessary legibility distance. A specific ratio, such as 25 mm (1 in) of letter height per 12 m (40 ft) of legibility distance, should be used.” to: “Word messages should be as brief as possible and the lettering should be large enough to provide the necessary legibility distance. A minimum specific ratio, such as 25 mm (1 in) of letter height per 12 m (40 ft) of legibility distance, should be used.”; after the first paragraph of Guidance, insert a new Support that reads: “Some research indicates that a ratio of 25 mm (1 in) of letter height per 10 m (33 ft) of legibility distance could be beneficial.”; and insert a Guidance heading before the second paragraph of Guidance.

12. Page 2A-11, Section 2A.15, Sign Borders. Under Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “The corners of the sign shall be rounded,” to: “The corners of all sign borders shall be rounded”; under Guidance, change: “Where practicable, the corners of the sign should be rounded to fit the border, except for STOP signs.” to: “Where practical, the corners of the sign should be rounded to fit the border, except for STOP signs.”

13. Page 2A-11, Section 2A.16, Standardization of Location. Under the first Support, change: “Standardization of position cannot always be attained in practice. Locations for a number of typical signs are illustrated in Figures 2A-1 to 2A-7.” to: “Standardization of position cannot always be attained in practice. Locations for a number of typical signs are illustrated in Figures 2A-1 and 2A-2.”

14. Page 2A-12, Figure 2A-1, Height and Lateral Location of Signs for Typical Installations. Change the Figure title to: “Figure 2A-1. Examples of Heights and Lateral Locations of Signs for Typical Installations”.

15. Page 2A-13, Figure 2A-2, Typical Locations for Signs at Intersections. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; throughout the figure, at each occurrence, change: “3.7 m (12 ft)” to :“MIN. 1.8 m (6 ft) to 3.7 m (12 ft).”

16. Page 2A-14, Figure 2A-3, Typical ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Less Than 9 m (30 ft). Move Figure to follow Section 2B.32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B-13”.

17. Page 2A-15, Figure 2A-4, Typical ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Greater Than 9 m (30 ft). Move the Figure to follow Section 2B-32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B-12”.

18. Page 2A-16, Figure 2A-5, Typical Locations of ONE WAY Signs. Move the Figure to follow Section 2B-32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B.10”.

19. Page 2A-17, Figure 2A-6, Typical Locations of ONE WAY Signs. Move the Figure to follow Section 2B-32, and change Figure number to: “Figure 2B.11”.

20. Page 2A-18, Figure 2A-7, Typical Applications of Warning Signs. Remove the Figure entirely.

21. Page 2A-19, Section 2A.16, Standardization of Location. Under the second Support, in the second sentence change: “The desired width is dependent upon traffic volumes, speeds, and roadside geometry.” to: “The width of the clear zone is dependent upon traffic volumes, speeds, and roadside geometry.”

22. Page 2A-20, Section 2A-17, Overhead Sign Installations. Under Guidance, change: “Overhead signs should be used on expressways, where some degree of lane-use control is desirable, or where space is not available at the roadside.” to: “Overhead signs should be used on freeways and expressways at locations where some degree of lane-use control is desirable or at locations where space is not available at the roadside.”

23. Pages 2A-21 and 2A-22, Section 2A-18, Mounting Height. Under Standard, after the second paragraph, add the headings and paragraphs contained in the first Option and Support statements on Page 2A-22 in their entirety. Following these first Option and Support statements, and prior to the existing third Standard paragraph, add the heading “Standard” and change: “Overhead signs shall…” to: “Overhead mounted signs shall”; in that same paragraph, remove: “ The vertical clearance to overhead sign structures or supports shall not be greater than 0.3 m (1 ft) in excess of the minimum clearance of other structures.”; and following the second Option heading add:

If the vertical clearance for the design of other structures is less than 4.9 m (16 ft), the vertical clearance to overhead sign structures or supports may be as low as 0.3 m (1 ft) higher than the vertical clearance for the design of the other structures.

24. Page 2A-22, Section 2A.19, Lateral Offset. Under the first Standard, change:

The minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of a roadside-mounted sign shall be 1.8 m (6 ft). Roadside-mounted sign supports shall be breakaway, yielding, or shielded with a longitudinal barrier or crash cushion if within the clear zone.

The minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 1.8 m (6 ft). Overhead sign supports shall have a barrier or crash cushion to shield them if they are within the clear zone.

to:

For overhead sign supports, the minimum lateral offset from the edge of the shoulder (or if no shoulder exists, from the edge of the pavement) to the near edge of overhead sign supports (cantilever or sign bridges) shall be 1.8 m (6 ft). Overhead sign supports shall have a barrier or crash cushion to shield them if they are within the clear zone.

Roadside-mounted sign supports shall be breakaway, yielding, or shielded with a longitudinal barrier or crash cushion if within the clear zone.

Following the first Standard, insert:

Guidance:

For roadside-mounted signs, the minimum lateral offset should be 3.7 m (12 ft) from the edge of the traveled way. If a shoulder wider than 1.8 m (6 ft) exists, the minimum lateral offset for roadside-mounted signs should be 1.8 m (6 ft) from the edge of the shoulder.

25. Page 2A-23, Section 2A.19, Lateral Offset. Under Support, change: “Figure 2A-1 illustrates…” to: “Figures 2A-1 and 2A-2 illustrate…”

26. Page 2A-23, Section 2A.20, Position of Signs. Under Support, remove the second paragraph.

27. Page 2A-24, Section 2A.22, Posts and Mountings. Following Support, add:

Option:

A strip of retroreflective material may be used on regulatory and warning sign supports to draw attention to the sign during nighttime conditions.

Standard:

If a strip of retroreflective material is used on the sign support, it shall be at least 50 mm (2 in) in width, it shall be placed for the full length of the support from the sign to within 0.3 m (1 ft) of the ground level, and it shall be the same color as the background of the sign (red for STOP, YIELD, DO NOT ENTER, and WRONG WAY; white for regulatory; yellow for warning).

28. Page 2A-25, Section 2A.24, Wrong-Way Traffic Control. Change the Section title to: “Section 2A.24 Median Opening Treatments for Divided Highways with Wide Medians”; change Standard to a Guidance and change: “Where divided highways are separated by median widths of 9 m (30 ft) or more, the intersections with crossroads shall be signed as two separate intersections.” to: “Where divided highways are separated by median widths at the median opening itself of 9 m (30 ft) or more, median openings should be signed as two separate intersections.”; and delete the existing Guidance statement.

29. Page 2B-1, Section 2B.02, Design of Regulatory Signs. Following Support, add:

Option:

Changeable message signs displaying a regulatory message may use a black background with a white, yellow, or fluorescent yellow-green legend and symbol(s) as appropriate.

Guidance:

Changeable message signs displaying a regulatory message incorporating a prohibitory message that includes a red circle and slash on a static sign should display a red symbol that approximates the same red circle and slash as closely as possible.

30. Page 2B-1, Section 2B.03, Size of Regulatory Signs. Under Support, change:

The "Standard Highway Signs" book contains sign sizes and letter heights for regulatory signs used on conventional roads, expressways, freeways, and low-volume roads, and under special conditions.

to:

31. Pages 2B-2 through 2B-5, Table 2B-1, Regulatory Sign Sizes. Replace this table (all sheets) in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 2B-1 include adding rows for the following signs Speed Limit (metric), Truck Speed Limit (metric), Minimum Speed Limit (metric), Combined Speed Limit (metric), Fines Higher, Tracks out of Service, Stop Here When Flashing, Sidewalk Closed Cross Here (R9-11), Cross on Green Light Only, Emergency Signal-Stop When Flashing, Turning Traffic MUST Yield to Pedestrians, U-Turn Yield to Right Turn, Right Turn on Red Arrow, Traffic Laws Photo Enforced, Photo Enforced, Mon-Fri (and times), SUNDAY (and times), Left Turn Signal Yield on Green, Metric Plaque, Railroad Crossbuck, and Look; changing sizes for the following signs: One Way (R6-1), One Way (R6-2), Divided Highway Crossing, No Parking/Restricted Parking (combined sign), Do Not Stop on Tracks, Pedestria Crosswalk, Sidewalk Closed, Sidewalk Closed, Use Other Side, Sidewalk Closed Cross Here (R9-11a), Weight Limit; and removing the following signs: Reversible Lane Control (R3-9e), Bicycle Lane Ahead, Bicycle Lane Ends, Right Lane Bicycle Only, Bicycle Lane with Vehicle Parking, and Seat Belt Symbol.

32. Page 2B-6, Section 2B.03, Size of Regulatory Signs. Under Option, change: “The minimum size may be used on low-speed roadways where reduced legend size…” to: “The minimum size may be used on low-speed roadways where the reduced legend size…”, change the second paragraph from: “The Oversized size may be used for those special applications that require increased emphasis, improved recognition, or increased legibility.” to: “The Oversized size may be used for those special applications where speed, volume, or other factors result in conditions where increased emphasis, improved recognition, or increased legibility would be desirable.”; and add a third paragraph to the Option that reads, “Signs larger than those shown in Table 2B-1 may be used (see Section 2A.12).”

33. Page 2B-6, Section 2B.04, STOP Sign (R1-1). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, change: “When a sign is used to indicate that traffic is always required to stop, a STOP (R1-1) sign shall be used.” to: “When a sign is used to indicate that traffic is always required to stop, a STOP (R1-1) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall be used.”; and in the third sentence of the second paragraph, change: “Such plaques shall…” to: “Such plaques (see Figure 2B-1) shall…”.

34. Page 2B-7. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-1 STOP, YIELD, Speed Limit, FINES HIGHER, and Photo Enforcement Signs”; revise the metric Speed Limit (R2-1 and R2-2) signs by removing the METRIC plaque and the km/h plaque and by adding a red circle around the speed value; and add sign images for the FINES HIGHER (R2-6), PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-19), and TRAFFIC LAWS PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-18) signs.

35. Page 2B-8, Section 2B.05, STOP Sign Applications. Under Guidance, change: “STOP signs should not be used unless engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:” to: “STOP signs should be used if engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:”; change item A from: “Intersection of a less important road with a main road where application of the normal right-of-way rule would not be expected to provide reasonably safe operation;” to: “Intersection of a less important road with a main road where application of the normal right-of-way rule would not be expected to provide reasonable compliance with the law.”; change item D from: “High speeds, restricted view, or crash records indicate that a need for control by the STOP sign.” to: “High speeds, restricted view, or crash records indicate a need for control by the STOP sign.”.

36. Page 2B-9, Section 2B.05, STOP Sign Applications. Under Support, in the last paragraph, change: “The use of the STOP sign at highway-railroad grade crossings is described in Section 8B.07.” to: “The use of the STOP sign at highway-railroad grade crossings is described in Section 8B.07. The use of the STOP sign at highway-light rail transit grade crossings is described in Section 10C.04.”

37. Page 2B-9, Section 2B.06, STOP Sign Placement. Under Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The STOP sign shall be installed on the correct side…” to: “The STOP sign shall be installed on the right side…”; and insert a new fourth paragraph that reads, “ Other than a DO NOT ENTER sign, no sign shall be mounted back-to-back with a STOP sign.” Under Guidance, in the third paragraph, change: “Where two roads intersect at an acute angle, the STOP sign should be positioned at an angle or else shielded so that the legend is out of view of traffic to which it does not apply.” to: “Where two roads intersect at an acute angle, the STOP sign should be positioned at an angle, or shielded, so that the legend is out of view of traffic to which it does not apply.”

38. Page 2B-11, Section 2B.08, YIELD Sign (R1-2). Under Standard, change: “The YIELD (R1-2) sign shall…” to: “The YIELD (R1-2) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall…”

39. Page 2B-12, Section 2B.09, YIELD Sign Applications. Under Option, change: “YIELD signs may be installed:” to: “YIELD signs may be used instead of STOP signs if engineering judgment indicates that one or more of the following conditions exist:”; under item C, change: “At the second crossroad of a divided highway, where the median width is 9 m (30 ft) or greater. A STOP sign…” to: “At the second crossroad of a divided highway, where the median width is 9 m (30 ft) or greater, at the intersection itself, a STOP sign…” Following the Option, add a Standard statement that reads: “A YIELD (R1-2) sign shall be used to assign right-of-way at the entrance to a roundabout intersection.”

40. Page 2B-12, Section 2B.10, YIELD Sign Placement. Under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “The YIELD sign shall be installed on the correct side of the traffic lane to which it applies.” to: “The YIELD sign shall be installed on the right side of the traffic lane to which it applies.”; before the second sentence, add a new sentence that reads: “YIELD signs shall be placed on both the left and right sides of approaches to roundabout intersections with more than one approach lane.”; and add a fourth paragraph that reads: “Other than a DO NOT ENTER sign, no sign shall be mounted back-to-back with a YIELD sign”. Under Guidance, change: “YIELD lines, when used…” to: “Yield lines, when used…”; following the third paragraph, add a new paragraph that reads: “At a roundabout intersection, to prevent circulating vehicles from yielding unnecessarily, the face of the YIELD sign should not be visible from the circular roadway”; and following Guidance, add:

Option:

At wide-throat intersections or where two or more approach lanes of traffic exist on the signed approach, observance of the yield control may be improved by the installation of an additional YIELD sign on the left side of the road and/or the use of a yield line. At channelized intersections, the additional YIELD sign may be effectively placed on a channelizing island.

41. Page 2B-13, Section 2B.11, Speed Limit Sign (R2-1). Under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “…the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency.” to: “…the Speed Limit (R2-1) sign (see Figure 2B-1) shall display the limit established by law, ordinance, regulation, or as adopted by the authorized agency.”; delete the second Standard paragraph; and following Standard, delete the Support. Under Guidance, add the following paragraph at the beginning: “States and local agencies should reevaluate the non-statutory speed limits on their streets and highways at least once every 5 years to determine if any adjustments would be appropriate.”; and in the second paragraph, change: “When a speed limit is to be posted, it should be the 85th-percentile speed of free-flowing traffic, rounded up to the nearest 10 km/h (5 mph) increment.” to: “When a speed limit is to be posted, it should be the 85th-percentile speed of free-flowing traffic, rounded up to the nearest 10 km/h (5 mph) increment on non-residential streets and rounded up or down to the nearest 10 km/h (5 mph) increment on residential streets.” Under Option, in the third paragraph, change: “A changeable message sign that changes for traffic and ambient conditions…” to: “A changeable message sign that changes the speed limit for traffic and ambient conditions…”; at the end of the Option, add the following paragraph: “A changeable message sign that displays to approaching drivers the speed at which they are traveling may be installed in conjunction with a Speed Limit sign.”; and following the Option, add a Guidance statement: “If a changeable message sign displaying approach speeds is installed, the legend YOUR SPEED XX km/h (MPH) or such similar legend should be shown.”

42. Page 2B-14, Section 2B.12, Truck Speed Limit Sign (R2-2). Under Standard, change: “Where a special speed limit applies to trucks or other vehicles, the legend TRUCKS XX or such similar legend shall be shown on the same panel as the Speed Limit sign or on a separate sign (R2-2) below the standard legend.” to: “Where a special speed limit applies to trucks or other vehicles, the legend TRUCKS XX or such similar legend shall be shown on the same panel as the Speed Limit sign or on a separate R2-2 sign (see Figure 2B-1) below the standard legend.”

43. Page 2B-14, Section 2B.13 Night Speed Limit Sign (R2-3). Under Guidance, change: “A Night Speed Limit (R2-3) sign should…” to: “A Night Speed Limit (R2-3) sign (see Figure 2B-1) should…”

44. Page 2B-14, Section 2B.14, Minimum Speed Limit Sign (R2-4). Under Standard, change: “A Minimum Speed Limit (R2-4) sign shall be displayed…” to: “A Minimum Speed Limit (R2-4) sign (see Figure 2B-2) shall be displayed…”; and under Option, in the last sentence, change: “If desired, these two signs may be combined on the R2-4a sign.” to: “If desired, these two signs may be combined on the R2-4a sign (see Figure 2B-2).”

45. Page 2B-15. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-2. Speed Limit and Turn Prohibition Signs”; revise the metric Speed Limit (R2-4 and R2-4a) signs by removing the METRIC plaque and the km/h plaque and by adding a red circle around the speed value; remove the Reduced Speed (R2-5 series) signs; and add the red combination No U-Turn/No Left Turn (R3-18) sign.

46. Page 2B-16. Following Section 2B-14, insert a new Section numbered and titled, “Section 2B.15, FINES HIGHER Sign (R2-6)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

The FINES HIGHER (R2-6) sign (see Figure 2B-1) may be used to advise road users when increased fines are imposed for traffic violations within designated roadway segments.

The FINES HIGHER sign may be mounted below an applicable regulatory or warning sign in a temporary traffic control zone, a school zone, or other applicable designated zones.

The following may be mounted below the FINES HIGHER sign:

A. A supplemental plaque specifying the times that the higher fines are in effect (similar to the S4-1 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1); or

B. A supplemental plaque WHEN CHILDREN (WORKERS) ARE PRESENT (similar to the S4-2 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1); or

C. A supplemental plaque WHEN FLASHING (similar to the S4-4 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) if used in conjunction with a yellow flashing beacon.

The legend FINES HIGHER may be replaced by multiple values such as FINES DOUBLE or FINES TRIPLE, or by a specific value such as $150 FINE.

Standard:

The FINES HIGHER sign shall be a rectangle with a black legend and border on a white background.

All supplemental plaques mounted below the FINES HIGHER sign shall be rectangles with black legends and borders on white backgrounds.

The FINES HIGHER sign shall include a SCHOOL, WORK ZONE, or other applicable designated zone plaque mounted above the applicable regulatory or warning sign. The SCHOOL supplemental plaque shall be rectangular in shape with a black legend on a yellow or fluorescent yellow-green background (same as S4-3). The WORK ZONE supplemental plaque shall be rectangular in shape with a black legend on an orange background.

Guidance:

If used, the FINES HIGHER sign should be located at the beginning of the temporary traffic control zone, school zone, or other applicable designated zone and just beyond any interchanges, major intersections, or other major traffic generators.

Agencies should limit the use of the FINES HIGHER sign to locations where work is actually underway, or to locations where the roadway, shoulder, or other conditions, including the presence of a school, require a speed reduction or extra caution on the part of the road user.

47. Page 2B-16, Section 2B.15, Location of Speed Limit Signs. Change the Section number to: “Section 2B.16”

48. Page 2B-16, Section 2B.16, Reduced Speed Ahead Signs (R2-5 Series). Delete this section in its entirety.

49. Page 2B-17, Section 2B.17, Turn Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.17, Turn Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4 and R3-18)”; under Guidance, change:

Turn Prohibition signs should be placed where they will be most easily seen by road users who might be intending to turn.

If No Right Turn (R3-1) signs are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a right corner of the intersection.

If No Left Turn (R3-2) signs are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway, at a left corner of the intersection, on a median, or in conjunction with the STOP sign or YIELD sign located on the near right corner.

Except as noted in the Option, if NO TURNS (R3-3) signs are used, two signs should be used, one at a location specified for a No Right Turn sign and one at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

If No U-Turn (R3-4) signs are used, at least one should be used at a location specified for No Left Turn signs.

to:

Turn Prohibition signs should be placed where they will be most easily seen by road users who might be intending to turn.

If No Right Turn (R3-1) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway or at a right corner of the intersection.

If No Left Turn (R3-2) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be placed either over the roadway, at the far left corner of the intersection, on a median, or in conjunction with the STOP sign or YIELD sign located on the near right corner.

Except as noted in the Option, if NO TURNS (R3-3) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, two signs should be used, one at a location specified for a No Right Turn sign and one at a location specified for a No Left Turn sign.

If No U-Turn (R3-4) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be used at a location specified for No Left Turn signs.

If combination No U-Turn/No Left Turn (R3-18) signs (see Figure 2B-2) are used, at least one should be used at a location specified for No Left Turn signs.

Under Option, in item B, change “The No Left Turn (or No U-Turn) sign may be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the left lane.” to “The No Left Turn (or No U-Turn or combination No U-Turn/No Left Turn) sign may be installed adjacent to a signal face viewed by road users in the left lane.”

50. Page 2B-18, Section 2B.17, Turn Prohibition Signs (R3-1 through R3-4). Under Option, after the last paragraph, add a new paragraph: “If both left turns and U-turns are prohibited, the R3-18 sign may be used instead of separate R3-2 and R3-4 signs.”

51. Page 2B-18, Section 2B.18, Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-5 through R3-8). Under the first Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “Intersection Lane Control signs shall have three applications:” to: “Intersection Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-3) shall have three applications.”; under Guidance, change: “When used, Intersection Lane Control signs should be mounted overhead, and each sign should be placed over a projection of the lane to which it applies.” to: “When Intersection Lane Control signs are mounted overhead, each sign should be placed over the lane or a projection of the lane to which it applies.”

52. Page 2B-19. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-3. Intersection Lane Use Control Signs.”

53. Page 2B-20, Section 2B.19, Mandatory Movement Lane Control Signs (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “If used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) shall indicate…” to: “If used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control (R3-5, R3-5a, and R3-7) signs (see Figure 2B-3) shall indicate…”; and in the second paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “If the R3-5 sign is ground mounted on a multilane approach, a supplemental plaque…” to: “If the R3-5 sign is ground mounted on a multilane approach, a supplemental plaque (see Figure 2B-3)…”. Under Guidance, change: “If used, Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs should be accompanied by lane control pavement markings, especially where traffic volumes are high, where there is a high percentage of commercial vehicles, or where other distractions exist.” to: “Mandatory Movement Lane Control signs should be accompanied by lane use arrow markings, especially where traffic volumes are high, where there is a high percentage of commercial vehicles, or where other distractions exist.”

54. Page 2B-21, Section 2B.20, Optional Movement Lane Control Sign (R3-6). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6) sign shall be used…” to: “If used, the Optional Movement Lane Control (R3-6) sign (see Figure 2B-3) shall be used…”

55. Page 2B-21, Section 2B.21, Advance Intersection Lane Control Signs (R3-8 Series). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs may be used to indicate the configuration of all lanes ahead.” to: “Advance Intersection Lane Control (R3-8, R3-8a, and R3-8b) signs (see Figure 2B-3) may be used to indicate the configuration of all lanes ahead.”

56. Page 2B-22, Section 2B.22, Two-Way Left Turn Only Signs (R3-9a, R3-9b). Under Guidance, change: “Two-Way Left Turn Only (R3-9a or R3-9b) signs should be used…” to: “Two-Way Left Turn Only (R3-9a or R3-9b) signs (see Figure 2B-4) should be used…”

57. Page 2B-22, Section 2B.23, Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9c through R3-9i). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.23, Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i)”; under the first Option, in the second sentence, change: “Reversible Lane Control (R3-9c through R3-9i) signs may either be static type or changeable message type.” to: “Reversible Lane Control (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i) signs (see Figure 2B-4) may either be static type or changeable message type.”

58. Page 2B-23. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-4. Center and Reversible Lane Control Signs”; and remove the R3-9c and R3-9e signs from the figure.

59. Page 2B-24, Section 2B.23, Reversible Lane Control Signs (R3-9d, R3-9f through R3-9i). Under the first Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “Where it is determined by an engineering study that lane-use control signals or barriers are not necessary, the lane shall be controlled by overhead Reversible Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-1).” to: “Where it is determined by an engineering study that lane-use control signals or physical barriers are not necessary, the lane shall be controlled by overhead Reversible Lane Control signs (see Figure 2B-5).”; and under the Option, change item B from: “An engineering study indicates that sign operation alone would result in a level of safety and efficiency that is acceptable.” to: “An engineering study indicates that the use of Reversible Lane Control signs alone would result in an acceptable level of safety and efficiency.” Under the second Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “…except for the R3-9c and R3-9d signs, where the color red is used.” to: “…except for the R3-9d signs, where the color red is used.”; in the third paragraph, change:

Symbol signs, such as the R3-9c or R3-9d signs, shall consist of the appropriate symbol in the upper portion of the sign with the appropriate times of the day and days of the week below it. Where word message signs, such as R3-9e, are used, the times of the day and the days of the week, when appropriate, shall be on the right portion of the sign and the appropriate legend to the left. All times of the day and days of the week shall be accounted for on the sign to eliminate confusion to the road user.

to:

Symbol signs, such as the R3-9d sign, shall consist of the appropriate symbol in the upper portion of the sign with the appropriate times of the day and days of the week below it. All times of the day and days of the week shall be accounted for on the sign to eliminate confusion to the road user.

Under the second Standard, in the fourth paragraph, change: “In situations where more than one message is conveyed to the road user, such as on the R3-9d or R3-9e signs…” to: “In situations where more than one message is conveyed to the road user, such as on the R3-9d sign…”

60. Page 2B-25. Figure 2B-1, Location of Reversible Two-Way Left-Turn Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2B-5.”

61. Page 2B-26. Table 2B-2 Meanings of Symbols and Legends on Reversible Lane Control Signs. Change the first column, second row from: “Red X on white background or symbolic DO NOT ENTER sign.” to: “Red X on white background.”

62. Page 2B-28, Section 2B.24, DO NOT PASS Sign (R4-1). Under Option, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign may be used…” to: “The DO NOT PASS (R4-1) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used…”

63. Page 2B-28, Section 2B.25, PASS WITH CARE Sign (R4-2). Under Guidance, change: “The PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) sign should be installed at the end of a no-passing zone…” to: “The PASS WITH CARE (R4-2) sign (see Figure 2B-6) should be installed at the end of a no-passing zone...”

64. Page 2B-28, Section 2B.26, SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT Sign (R4-3). Under Option, change: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign may be used…” to: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used…”; under Guidance, in the first sentence, change: “If used, the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT (R4-3) sign should be installed…” to: “If used, the SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign should be installed…”

65. Page 2B-29. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-6. Passing and Keep Right Signs”.

66. Page 2B-30, Section 2B.27, Slow Moving Traffic Lane Signs (R4-5, R4-6). Under Support, in the first paragraph, change: “The Slow Moving Traffic Lane signs are used to direct vehicles into an extra lane…” to: “The Slow Moving Traffic Lane signs (see Figure 2B-6) are used to direct vehicles into an extra lane…”; under Option, in the first sentence, change: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to the TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE (R4-5).” to: “The SLOWER TRAFFIC KEEP RIGHT sign may be used as a supplement or as an alternative to the TRUCKS USE RIGHT LANE sign.”

67. Page 2B-30, Section 2B.28, Keep Right and Keep Left Signs (R4-7, R4-8). Under the first Option change:

The Keep Right (R4-7) sign may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the right of a roadway feature or obstruction.

to:

The Keep Right (R4-7) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the right of a roadway feature or obstruction. The Keep Left (R4-8) sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used at locations where it is necessary for traffic to pass only to the left of a roadway feature or obstruction.

Under Guidance, in the second sentence, change: “The sign should be mounted on the face of or just in front of a pier or other obstruction separating opposite directions of traffic in the center of the highway.” to: “The sign should be mounted on the face of or just in front of a pier or other obstruction separating opposite directions of traffic in the center of the highway such that traffic will have to pass to the right of the sign.”; following Guidance, add a Standard statement that reads: “The Keep Right sign shall not be installed on the right side of the roadway in a position where traffic must pass to the left of the sign.”; and under the second Option, in the second paragraph, change: “The word message KEEP RIGHT (LEFT) with an arrow (R4-7a or R4-7b) may be used instead of the R4-7 symbol sign.” to: “Word message KEEP RIGHT (LEFT) with an arrow (R4-7a or R4-7b) signs (see Figure 2B-6) may be used instead of the R4-7 or R4-8 symbol signs (see Figure 2B-6).”

68. Page 2B-31, Section 2B.28, Keep Right and Keep Left Signs. Under the second Option, remove the third paragraph: “Where appropriate, a Keep Left (R4-8) symbol sign (see Figure 2B-6) may be used.”

69. Page 2B-31, Section 2B.29, DO NOT ENTER Sign (R5-1). Under Standard, change: “The DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign shall be used where traffic is prohibited from entering a restricted roadway.” to: “The DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign (see Figure 2B-7) shall be used where traffic is prohibited from entering a restricted roadway.”; under Guidance, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The DO NOT ENTER sign, if used, should be placed at the point where a road user could wrongly enter a one-way roadway or ramp.” to: “The DO NOT ENTER sign, if used, should be placed directly in view of a road user at the point where a road user could wrongly enter a divided highway, one-way roadway, or ramp (see Figure 2B-8).”; under Option, in the second paragraph, change: “A second DO NOT ENTER sign on the left side of the roadway may be used, particularly where traffic approaches from an intersecting roadway (see Figures 2A-3 and 2B-2).” to: “A second DO NOT ENTER sign on the left side of the roadway may be used, particularly where traffic approaches from an intersecting roadway (see Figure 2B-8).”

70. Page 2B-31, Section 2B.30, WRONG-WAY Sign (R5-1a). Under Option, change:

The WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign may be used as a supplement to the DO NOT ENTER sign where an exit ramp intersects a crossroad or a crossroad intersects a one-way roadway in a manner that does not physically discourage or prevent wrong-way entry (see Figures 2A-3 and 2B-2).

to:

The WRONG WAY (R5-1a) sign (see Figure 2B-7) may be used as a supplement to the DO NOT ENTER sign where an exit ramp intersects a crossroad or a crossroad intersects a one-way roadway in a manner that does not physically discourage or prevent wrong-way entry (see Figure 2B-8).

71. Page 2B-32. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-7. Traffic Prohibition Signs”; and remove the border from the DO NOT ENTER (R5-1) sign.

72. Page 2B-33. Figure 2B-2 Typical Wrong-Way Signing for Divided Highways. Change the figure number and title to: “Figure 2B-8. Example of Wrong-Way Signing for a Divided Highway with a Median Width of 9m (30 ft) or Greater”; and add dimensions indicating the median width to the figure.

73. Page 2B-34, Section 2B.31, Selective Exclusion Signs. Under the first Support, change: “Selective Exclusion signs give notice to road users…” to: “Selective Exclusion signs (see Figure 2B-7) give notice to road users…”; and under the second Support, change Item H from: “Hazardous Cargo Prohibited (R14-3).” to: “Hazardous Material Prohibited (R14-3) (see Figure 2B-20).”

74. Page 2B-35, Section 2B.32, ONE WAY Signs (R6-1, R6-2). Under the first Standard, change:

Except as noted in the Option, the ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) sign shall be used to indicate streets or roadways upon which vehicular traffic is allowed to travel in one direction only.

ONE WAY signs shall be placed parallel to the one-way street at all alleys and roadways that intersect one-way roadways.

to:

Except as noted in the Option, the ONE WAY (R6-1 or R6-2) sign (see Figure 2B-9) shall be used to indicate streets or roadways upon which vehicular traffic is allowed to travel in one direction only.

ONE WAY signs shall be placed parallel to the one-way street at all alleys and roadways that intersect one-way roadways as shown in Figures 2B-10 through 2B-14.

Under Guidance, change:

Where divided highways are separated by median widths of 9 m (30 ft) or more, ONE WAY signs (see Section 2B.32) should be placed, visible to each crossroad approach, on the near right and far left corners of each intersection with the directional roadways as shown in Figures 2A-4 and 2A-5.

to:

Where divided highways are separated by median widths at the intersection itself of 9 m (30 ft) or more, ONE WAY signs should be placed, visible to each crossroad approach, on the near right and far left corners of each intersection with the directional roadways as shown in Figures 2B-10 and 2B-12.

Under Option, in the second paragraph, change: “ONE WAY signs may be omitted at intersections with divided highways that have median widths of less than 9 m (30 ft).” to: “ONE WAY signs may be omitted (see Figure 2B-13) at intersections with divided highways that have median widths at the intersection itself of less than 9 m (30 ft).”; and remove the Support statement.

75. Page 2B-36. Add a number and title to the illustration: “Figure 2B-9. ONE WAY and Divided Highway Crossing Signs”.

76. Following Section 2B.32, Insert old Figure 2A-5, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-10. Examples of Locations of ONE WAY Signs”; then insert old Figure 2A-6, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-11. Examples of Locations of ONE WAY Signs” then insert old Figure 2A-4, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-12. Examples of ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians of 9m (30 ft) or Greater”; in old Figure 2A-4, revise the signs shown under the Stop signs to include the words “DIVIDED” and “HIGHWAY” in addition to the arrows and add at the bottom of the figure: “Note: See Figure 2B-8 for examples of placing DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signing.” Then insert old Figure 2A-3, renumbered and retitled as: “Figure 2B-13. Examples of ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Less Than 9m (30 ft)”; in old figure 2A-3, remove the DO NOT ENTER and WRONG WAY signs from the figure and add symbolic Keep Right signs in the median at approximately 45-degree angles, add dimensions to the median, add asterisks to all signs except the Stop signs and in the legend, add “* Optional”; and then insert new Figure 2B-14. “Examples of ONE WAY Signing for Divided Highways with Medians Less Than 9 m (30 ft) and Separated Left-Turn Lanes”.

77. Page 2B-36, Section 2B.33, Divided Highway Crossing Signs (R6-3, R6-3a). Under first Option, change: “The Divided Highway Crossing (R6-3 or R6-3a) sign may be used to advise road users…” to: “The Divided Highway Crossing (R6-3 or R6-3a) sign (see Figure 2B-9) may be used to advise road users…”

78. Page 2B-37, Section 2B.34, Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs (R7 and R8 Series). Under Support, in the second sentence, change: “Typical examples of parking, stopping, and standing signs are as follows:” to: “Typical examples of parking, stopping, and standing signs (see Figures 2B-15 and 2B-16) are as follows:”.

79. Page 2B-38. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-15. No Parking Signs (R7 Series)”.

80. Page 2B-39. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-16. No Parking Signs (R8 Series)”.

81. Page 2B-40, Section 2B.35, Design of Parking, Standing, and Stopping Signs. Under Guidance, combine the last three paragraphs (following Item C) into one paragraph; and insert a new final paragraph:

Where special parking restrictions are imposed during heavy snow-fall, Snow Emergency signs should be installed. The legend will vary according to the regulations, but the signs should be vertical rectangles, having a white background with the upper part of the plate a red background.

Under Option, in Item B of the third paragraph, change: “The red Parking Prohibition sign and the green Permissive Parking sign may be combined on a single…” to: “The red Parking Prohibition sign and the green Permissive Parking sign may be combined to form an R7-200 sign on a single…”; in the sixth paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “Alternate designs for the R7-107 sign may be developed such as the R7-107a sign.” to: “Alternate designs for the R7-107 sign may be developed such as the R7-107a sign (see Figure 2B-15).”; in the seventh paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “To make the parking regulations more effective and to improve public relations by giving a definite warning, a sign reading TOW-AWAY ZONE (R7-201) may be appended to,…” to: “To make the parking regulations more effective and to improve public relations by giving a definite warning, a sign (see Figure 2B-15) reading TOW-AWAY ZONE (R7-201) may be appended to,…”; in the eighth paragraph in the fourth sentence, change: “Word message supplemental plaques, such as ON PAVEMENT (R8-3c) or ON BRIDGE (R8-3d), may be mounted below the R8-3 or R8-3a sign.” to: “Word message supplemental plaques (see Figure 2B-16), such as ON PAVEMENT (R8-3c) or ON BRIDGE (R8-3d), may be mounted below the R8-3 or R8-3a sign.”

82. Page 2B-42, Section 2B.37, Emergency Restriction Signs (R8-4, R8-7, R8-8). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign or the EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY (R8-7) sign may be used…” to: “The EMERGENCY PARKING ONLY (R8-4) sign (see Figure 2B-16) or the EMERGENCY STOPPING ONLY (R8-7) sign (see Figure 2B-16) may be used…”; and in the second paragraph, change: “The DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign may be used to discourage or prohibit parking or stopping on railroad tracks (see Section 8B.06).” to: “The DO NOT STOP ON TRACKS (R8-8) sign (see Figure 8B-4) may be used to discourage or prohibit parking or stopping on railroad tracks (see Section 8B.06).”

83. Page 2B-42, Section 2B.38, WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC and No Hitchhiking Signs (R9-1, R9-4, R9-4a). Under the first Option, change: “The WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC (R9-1) sign may be used on highways where no sidewalks are provided.” to: “The WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC (R9-1) sign (see Figure 2B-17) may be used on highways where no sidewalks are provided.”

84. Page 2B-43. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-17, Pedestrian Crossing Signs”; at the beginning of the fourth row add an R10-3d “START CROSSING TO MEDIAN…” sign image; add an R10-3e “START CROSSING” sign following R10-3d; and remove the R10-5 “LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY” sign image.

85. Page 2B-44, Section 2B.38, WALK ON LEFT FACING TRAFFIC and No Hitchhiking Signs (R9-1, R9-4, R9-4a). Under the Option, change: “The No Hitchhiking (R9-4a) sign may be used to prohibit standing in or adjacent to the roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride. The R9-4 word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-4a symbol sign.” to: “The No Hitchhiking (R9-4a) sign (see Figure 2B-17) may be used to prohibit standing in or adjacent to the roadway for the purpose of soliciting a ride. The R9-4 word message sign (see Figure 2B-17) may be used as an alternate to the R9-4a symbol sign.”

86. Page 2B-44, Section 2B.39, Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R9-2, R9-3). Under the first Option, change: “Pedestrian Crossing signs may be used to limit pedestrian crossing to specific locations.” to: “Pedestrian Crossing signs (see Figure 2B-17) may be used to limit pedestrian crossing to specific locations.” and under the second Option, in the third paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The PEDESTRIANS PROHIBITED (R9-3) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-3a symbol sign.” to: “The NO PEDESTRIAN CROSSING (R9-3) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the R9-3a symbol sign.”

87. Page 2B-44, Section 2B.40, Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-13). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.40. Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-21)”; and under Option, change: “To supplement traffic signal control, Traffic Signal signs R10-1 through R10-13 may be used to regulate road users.” to: “To supplement traffic signal control, Traffic Signal signs R10-1 through R10-16 may be used to regulate road users.”

88. Page 2B-45, Section 2B.40, Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-13). Under the first Standard, change: “Traffic signal signs applicable to pedestrian actuation shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated in pedestrian pushbutton units (see Section 4E.07). Traffic Signal signs applicable to pedestrians include:” to: “Traffic Signal signs applicable to pedestrian actuation (see Figure 2B-17) shall be mounted immediately above or incorporated in pedestrian pushbutton units (see Section 4E.08). Traffic Signal signs applicable to pedestrians include:”. Under the Option, in the second paragraph, in the third sentence, change:

to:

Where word-type pedestrian signal indications are being retained for the remainder of their useful service life, the legends WALK/DONT WALK may be substituted for the symbols on the educational plaque R10-3b, thus creating sign R10-3c. The R10-3d sign may be used if the pedestrian clearance time is sufficient only for the pedestrian to cross to the median.

Under the Option, in the third paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “Traffic Signal signs may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control.” to: “Traffic Signal signs (see Figure 2B-18) may be installed at certain locations to clarify signal control.”

89. Page 2B-46. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-18. Traffic Signal Signs”; add sign images for the LEFT ON GREEN ARROW ONLY (R10-5) sign, LEFT TURN SIGNAL YIELD ON GREEN (GREEN ball) (R10-21) sign, NO TURN (RED ball) ON RED (R10-11) sign, EMERGENCY SIGNAL STOP WHEN FLASHING RED (R10-14) sign, U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign, RIGHT TURN ON RED ARROW PERMITTED AFTER STOP (R10-17a) sign, MON-FRI 7-9 AM 4-7 PM (R10-20a) sign, SUNDAY 7-11 AM (R10-20b) sign; remove the R10-11c and R10-11d signs; and add a TURNING TRAFFIC MUST YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS (R10-15) sign.

90. Page 2B-47, Section 2B.40, Traffic Signal Signs (R10-1 through R10-13). Under the first Standard, change: “The NO TURN ON RED sign (R10-11a, R10-11b) shall be used to prohibit a right turn on red…” to: “The NO TURN ON RED (R10-11a, R10-11b) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be used to prohibit a right turn on red…”. Immediately following the first Standard, add an Option heading and move the first paragraph of the existing Option (following the Guidance) to this new Option and change: “A symbolic NO TURN ON RED sign (R10-11c or R10-11d) may be used as an alternate to the R10-11 and R10-11b signs.” to: “A symbolic NO TURN ON RED (R10-11) sign (see Figure 2B-18) may be used as an alternate to the R10-11a and R10-11b signs.”; under Guidance, following Item E, add: “Where turns on red are permitted and the signal indication is a RED ARROW, the RIGHT (LEFT) TURN ON RED ARROW PERMITTED AFTER STOP (R10-17a) sign (see Figure 2B-18) should be installed adjacent to the RED ARROW signal indication.”; under Guidance, move the third (last) paragraph from the Guidance to immediately under the Option and change: “When right turn on red is permitted and pedestrian crosswalks are marked, the word message TURNING TRAFFIC MUST YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS should be used.” to: “When right turn on red is permitted and pedestrian crosswalks are marked, a TURNING TRAFFIC MUST YIELD TO PEDESTRIANS sign may be used (see Figure 2B-18).”; under the Option, following the first paragraph, add:

A supplemental R10-20a or R10-20b plaque (see Figure 2B-18) showing times of day (similar to the S4-1 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) or with the legend WHEN PEDESTRIANS ARE PRESENT (similar to the S4-2 plaque shown in Figure 7B-1) with a black legend and border on a white background may be mounted below a NO TURN ON RED sign to indicate that the restriction is in place only during certain times or only when a pedestrian conflict is present.

Under the Option, in the existing second paragraph, change: “…the Traffic Signal sign (I1-1) may be used (see Section 2D.46).” to: “…the Traffic Signal Sped (I1-1) sign may be used (see Section 2D.47).” Under the second Standard, change: “The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4F.02).” to: “The EMERGENCY SIGNAL (R10-13) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be used in conjunction with emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Section 4F.02). The EMERGENCY SIGNAL-STOP WHEN FLASHING RED (R10-14) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be used in conjunction with emergency beacons (see Section 4F.04).”; and add a new paragraph:

A U-TURN YIELD TO RIGHT TURN (R10-16) sign (see Figure 2B-18) shall be installed near the left-turn signal face if U-turns are allowed on a protected left-turn movement on an approach from which drivers making a right turn from the conflicting approach to their left are simultaneously being shown a right-turn GREEN ARROW signal indication.

91. Page 2B-48. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-19. Road Closed and Weight Limit Signs”; and after the last row add a sign image for the METRIC (R12-6) sign.

92. Page 2B-49, Section 2B.41, KEEP OFF MEDIAN Sign (R11-1). Under Option, change: “The KEEP OFF MEDIAN (R11-1) sign may be used to prohibit driving…” to: “The KEEP OFF MEDIAN (R11-1) sign (see Figure 2B-19) may be used to prohibit driving...”

93. Page 2B-49, Section 2B.42, Section ROAD CLOSED Sign (R11-2) and LOCAL TRAFFIC ONLY Signs (R11-3 Series, R11-4). Under Standard, change:

The Road Closed (R11-2, R11-3, and R11-4) signs shall be designed as horizontal rectangles. These signs shall be preceded by the applicable Advance Road Closed warning sign with the secondary legend AHEAD and, if applicable, an Advance Detour warning sign (see Section 6F.19).

to:

The Road Closed (R11-2, R11-3 series, and R11-4) signs (see Figure 2B-19) shall be designed as horizontal rectangles. These signs shall be preceded by the applicable Advance Road Closed warning sign with the secondary legend AHEAD and, if applicable, an Advance Detour warning sign (see Section 6F.18).

94. Page 2B-50, Section 2B.43, Weight Limit Signs (R12-1 through R12-5). Under Standard, change: “If used, the Weight Limit sign shall be located in advance of the applicable section of highway or structure.” to: “If used, the Weight Limit sign (see Figure 2B-19) shall be located in advance of the applicable section of highway or structure.”

95. Page 2B-50, Section 2B.44, Weigh Station Signs (R13 Series). Under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “An ALL TRUCKS/COMMERCIAL VEHICLES NEXT RIGHT (R13-1) sign should be used to direct appropriate traffic into a weigh station.” to: “An ALL TRUCKS/COMMERCIAL VEHICLES NEXT RIGHT (R13-1) sign (see Figure 2B-20) should be used to direct appropriate traffic into a weigh station.”; and in the second paragraph change “…(see Section 2D.43).” to “...(see Section 2D.44).”

96. Page 2B-51. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-20. Truck Signs”; change the text on the R14-2 and R14-3 signs images from “HC” to “HM”; and remove the R16-1 sign image.

97. Page 2B-52, Section 2B.45, Truck Route Sign (R14-1). Under Guidance, change: “The TRUCK ROUTE (R14-1) sign should be used…” to: “The TRUCK ROUTE (R14-1) sign (see Figure 2B-20) should be used…”; under Option, change: “On a numbered highway, the auxiliary TRUCK marker may be used (see Section 2D.20).” to: “On a numbered highway, the TRUCK auxiliary sign may be used (see Section 2D.20).”

98. Page 2B-52, Section 2B.46, Hazardous Cargo Signs (R14-2, R14-3). Change the Section title to: “Section 2B.46. Hazardous Material Signs (R14-2, R14-3)”. Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The Hazardous Cargo Route (R14-2) sign may be used to identify routes that have been designated by proper authority for vehicles transporting hazardous cargo.” to: “The Hazardous Material Route (R14-2) sign (see Figure 2B-20) may be used to identify routes that have been designated by proper authority for vehicles transporting hazardous material.”; and in the second paragraph change: “On routes where the transporting of hazardous cargo is prohibited, the Hazardous Cargo Prohibition (R14-3) sign may be used.” to: “On routes where the transporting of hazardous material is prohibited, the Hazardous Material Prohibition (R14-3) sign (see Figure 2B-20) may be used.” Under Guidance, change: “If used, the Hazardous Cargo Prohibition sign should be installed on a street or roadway at a point where vehicles transporting hazardous cargo have the opportunity to take an alternate route.” to: “If used, the Hazardous Material Prohibition sign should be installed on a street or roadway at a point where vehicles transporting hazardous material have the opportunity to take an alternate route.”

99. Page 2B-52, Section 2B.47, National Network Signs (R14-4, R14-5). Under Standard, change: “When a National Network route is signed, the National Network (R14-4) sign shall be used.” to: “When a National Network route is signed, the National Network (R14-4) sign (see Figure 2B-20) shall be used.”; and under Option, change: “The National Network Prohibition (R14-5) sign may be used…” to: “The National Network Prohibition (R14-5) sign (see Figure 2B-20) may be used…”

100. Page 2B-53. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2B-21. Preferential Lane Signs”; in the first row, after the R3-10a sign, add a sign image for the Inherently Low Emission Vehicles Allowed (R3-10b) sign; and delete the sign image for the Ground Mounted Bicycle Lane (R3-16, R3-16a, R3-17, R3-17a) signs.

101. Page 2B-54, Section 2B.48, Preferential Lane Signs (R3-10 through R3-17). Under the first Support, add a second paragraph: “Information regarding Preferential Lane signs for bicycle lanes is contained in Section 9B.04.”; under Standard, change:

When a preferential lane is established, the Preferential Lane signs and pavement markings (see Section 3B.23) for these lanes shall be used to advise road users.

At the end of a preferential lane, a Lane Ends (R3-12a, R3-15a, or R3-16a) sign shall be used.

to:

When a preferential lane is established, the Preferential Lane signs (see Figure 2B-21) and pavement markings (see Section 3B.23) for these lanes shall be used to advise road users.

At the end of a preferential lane, a Lane Ends (R3-12a or R3-15a) sign shall be used.”

Under the second Guidance, in the second paragraph, change: “When used, the R3-11, R3-11a, and R3-11b signs should be located adjacent to the preferential lane, and the R3-14 and R3-14a signs should be mounted directly over the lane.” to: “When used, the R3-11a and R3-11b signs should be located adjacent to the preferential lane, and the R3-11, R3-14, and R3-14a signs should be mounted directly over the lane.”

102. Page 2B-55, Section 2B.48, Preferential Lane Signs (R3-10 through R3-17). Under the second Guidance, in the first paragraph, in the second sentence, change: “The diamond symbol should not be used on the bus, taxi, or bicycle preferential lane signs.” to: “The diamond symbol should not be used on the bus, taxi, light rail transit, or bicycle preferential lane signs”; and in the second paragraph, change: “The Lane Ahead signs, R3-10, R3-10a, R3-12, R3-13, R3-15 and R3-16 should be used for advance notification of preferential lanes.” to: “The Lane Ahead signs, R3-10, R3-10a, R3-12, R3-13, and R3-15 should be used for advance notification of preferential lanes.”

103. Page 2B-56, Section 2B.48, Preferential Lane Signs (R3-10 through R3-17). Add the heading “Standard” at the top of the page and change the Guidance: “Changeable message signs serving as HOV signs should be the required sign size and should display the required letter height and legend format that corresponds to the type of facility and design speed (see Section 2A.07).” to a Standard which reads: “Changeable message signs serving as HOV signs shall be the required sign size and shall display the required letter height and legend format that corresponds to the type of facility and design speed (see Section 2A.07).”; and following the Option, add:

Guidance:

The Inherently Low Emission Vehicle (ILEV) (R3-10b) sign should be used to indicate that it is permissible for a properly labeled and certified ILEV, regardless of the number of occupants, to operate in the HOV lanes. The ILEV signs should be ground mounted in advance of the HOV lanes and at intervals along the HOV lanes based upon engineering judgment.

104. Page 2B.56, Section 2B.49, High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes. Under Standard, following the first paragraph, add a new paragraph that reads:

The requirements for a minimum number of occupants in a vehicle to use an HOV lane shall be in effect for most, or all, of at least one of the usual times during the day when the demand to travel is greatest (such as morning or afternoon peak travel periods) and the traffic congestion problems on the roadway and adjoining transportation corridor are at their worst.

Move the fourth paragraph to become a new seventh paragraph; and change:

Motorcycles shall be eligible to use HOV lanes that received Federal-aid highway program funding.

to:

Motorcycles shall be permitted to use HOV lanes that received Federal-aid program funding. Agencies shall also permit a vehicle with less than the required number of occupants to operate in the HOV lanes if:

A. The vehicle is properly labeled and certified as an ILEV and the HOV lane is not a bus-only HOV lane; or

B. The HOV lanes are part of a project that is participating in the FHWA Value Pricing Pilot Program.

Under Standard, following the fifth paragraph, add:

A proposed test or demonstration project that seeks to significantly change the operation of the HOV lanes for any length of time shall require a Federal review prior to initiating such a test or demonstration project.

105. Page 2B-57, Section 2B.49, High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes. Under Support, in the first paragraph, in the second sentence, change:

Federal interests in this review include commitments made during the National Environmental Policy Act process as described in Title 23 C.F.R., Part 771, in project agreements, transportation planning requirements, and transportation conformity requirements under the Clean Air Act (40 C.F.R., Part 51).

to:

Federal interests in this review include commitments made during the National Environmental Policy Act process as described in Title 23 CFR, Part 771, in project agreements, transportation planning requirements, and transportation conformity requirements under the Clean Air Act (40 CFR, Part 51).

Under Support, in the third paragraph, change: “Any proposal to significantly adjust the hours of operation or to convert an HOV lane…” to: “Any proposal to significantly adjust the hours of operation (including 24 hours per day to only a portion of a day or week) or to convert an HOV lane…"; and after the Option add:

Support:

The ILEV program requirements, certification program, and other regulatory provisions are developed and administered through the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA is the only entity with the authority to certify ILEVs. Vehicle manufacturers must request the EPA to grant an ILEV certification for any vehicle to be considered and labeled as meeting those standards. According to the EPA, 1996 was the first year that they certified any ILEVs. EPA regulations specify that ILEVs must meet the emission standards specified in 40 CFR 88.311-93 and their labeling must be in accordance with 40 CFR 88.312-93(c).

106. Page 2B-58, Section 2B.50, High-Occupancy Vehicle Sign Applications and Placement. After the Guidance, add a new Support: “Figures 2E-44 through 2E-48 show application and placement examples of HOV signing for entrance to barrier-separated HOV lanes and direct entrances to and exits from HOV lanes.”

107. Page 2B-59, Section 2B.51, Other Regulatory Signs. Change Section number to: “2B.54”; under Standard, change: “When a seat belt symbol is used, the R16-1 symbol shall be used.” to: “When a seat belt symbol is used, the symbol on page 6-19 of the “Standard Highway Signs” book shall be used.”

108. Page 2B-59. After Section 2B.50, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2B.51 Photo Enforced Signs (R10-18, R10-19)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

A TRAFFIC LAWS PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-18) sign (see Figure 2B-1) may be installed at a jurisdictional boundary to advise road users that some of the traffic regulations within that jurisdiction are being enforced by photographic equipment.

A PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-19) sign (see Figure 2B-1) may be mounted below a regulatory sign to advise road users that the regulation is being enforced by photographic equipment.

Standard:

If used below a regulatory sign, the PHOTO ENFORCED (R10-19) sign shall be a rectangle with a black legend and border on a white background.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2B.52 Yield Here To Pedestrians Signs (R1-5, R1-5a)”. The new Section reads:

Standard:

If yield lines are used in advance of an unsignalized marked midblock crosswalk, Yield Here To Pedestrians (R1-5 or R1-5a) signs (see Figure 2B-22) shall be placed 6.1 to 15 m (20 to 50 ft) in advance of the nearest crosswalk line (see Figure 3B-15).

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2B.53 In-Street Pedestrian Crossing Signs (R1-6, R1-6a)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 or R1-6a) sign (see Figure 2B-22) may be used to remind road users of laws regarding right of way at an unsignalized pedestrian crossing. The legend STATE LAW may be shown at the top of the sign if applicable. The legends STOP FOR or YIELD TO may be used in conjunction with the appropriate symbol.

Guidance:

If an island (see Chapter 3G) is available, the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign, if used, should be placed on the island.

Standard:

The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall not be used at signalized locations.

The STOP FOR legend shall only be used in States where the State law specifically requires that a driver must stop for a pedestrian in a crosswalk.

If used, the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign shall have a black legend (except for the red STOP or YIELD sign symbols) and border on either a white and/or fluorescent yellow-green background.

If the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign is placed in the roadway, the sign support shall comply with the breakaway requirements of the latest edition of AASHTO’s “Specification for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals” (see Page i).

Option:

The In-Street Pedestrian Crossing sign may be used seasonably to prevent damage in winter because of plowing operations, and may be removed at night if the pedestrian activity at night is minimal.

109. Page 2B-59. Insert new figure numbered and titled: “Figure 2B.22, Unsignalized Pedestrian Crosswalk Signs” illustrating the Yield Here to Pedestrians (R1-5 and R1-5a) signs and the In-Street Pedestrian Crossing (R1-6 and R1-6a) signs.

110. Page 2C-1, Section 2C.02, Application of Warning Signs.

Under Support, change:

The application of warning signs can be classified into the categories shown in Table 2C-1. Warning signs specified herein cover most of the conditions that are likely to be encountered. Special warning signs for low-volume roads (as defined in Section 5A.01), temporary traffic control zones, school areas, highway-rail grade crossings, bicycle facilities, and highway-light rail transit grade crossings are discussed in Parts 5 through 10, respectively.

to:

The categories of warning signs are shown in Table 2C-1.

Warning signs specified herein cover most of the conditions that are likely to be encountered. Additional warning signs for low-volume roads (as defined in Section 5A.01), temporary traffic control zones, school areas, highway-rail grade crossings, bicycle facilities, and highway-light rail transit grade crossings are discussed in Parts 5 through 10, respectively.

111. Page 2C-2, Table 2C-1. Change the title to: “Table 2C-1 Categories of Warning Signs”; Replace the table in its entirety with the following table:

Key changes to Table 2C-1 include adding the following groups of warning signs: Traffic Signal, Nonvehicular, Photo Enforced, and HOV; adding the following Section reference of Warning Signs: 2C.55, 2C.50, 2C.53, 2C.26 and 2C.52; and corresponding additions and changes to the associated MUTCD codes.

112. Page 2C-3, Section 2C.04, Size of Warning Signs. Change:

Support:

Table 2C-2 is a listing of the sizes for warning signs.

Guidance:

The Conventional Road size should be used on conventional roads.

The Expressway and Freeway sizes should be used for higher-speed applications for increased recognition.

Option:

The minimum size may be used on low-speed roadways where the reduced legend size would be adequate.

Oversized signs and larger sizes may be used where speed, volume, or other factors result in conditions where greater visibility or emphasis would be desirable.

Standard:

The minimum size for supplemental warning plaques shall be as shown in Table 2C-3.

to:

Support:

Standard:

The sizes for warning signs shall be as shown in Table 2C-2.

Guidance:

The Conventional Road size should be used on conventional roads.

The Expressway and Freeway sizes should be used for higher-speed applications to provide larger signs for increased visibility and recognition.

Option:

The Minimum size may be used on low-speed roadways where the reduced legend size would be adequate for the warning or where physical conditions preclude the use of the other sizes.

Oversized signs and larger sizes may be used for those special applications where speed, volume, or other factors result in conditions where increased emphasis, improved recognition, or increased legibility would be desirable.

Standard:

The minimum size for supplemental warning plaques shall be as shown in Table 2C-3.

Option:

Signs larger than those shown in Tables 2C-2 and 2C-3 may be used (see Section 2A.12).

113. Page 2C-4, Table 2C-2, Warning Sign Sizes. Replace select data in the table with the following: In Row 2, in Column 5, change: “900 x 900 (36 x 36)” to: “1200 x 1200 (48 x 48)” and in Column 7 replace: “1200 x 1200 (48 x 48)” with an em dash. In Row 6, in Columns 4 and 5, replace the em dashes with “1950 x 1200 (78 x 48)” in each column. In Row 7, in Column 2 change: “W7-4a” to: “W7-4a, b, c” and in Columns 4 and 5, replace the em dashes with “1950 x 1500 (78 x 60)” in each column. After Row 7, insert a new row: in Column 2 insert “W10-9, W10-10”; in Column 3 insert: “750 x 225 (30 x 9)”; and in Columns 4, 5, 6, and 7 insert em dashes. In Row 8, in Columns 4 and 5, replace the em dashes with “2100 x 600 (84 x 24)” in each column. In Row 9, in Column 2, change “W13” to: “W13, W25”. In Row 11, in Column 3, change: “450 (18) Dia.” to: “900 (36) Dia.”; in Column 4, replace the em dash with “1200 (48) Dia.”; in Column 6, change: “375 (15) Dia.” to: “750 (30) Dia.”; and in Column 7, change “600 (24) Dia.” to: “1200 (48) Dia.”

114. Page 2C-5, Section 2C.05, Placement of Warning Signs. Under Standard, change: “…Sections 2A.16 to 2A.21” to: “…Sections 2A.16 to 2A.22.”

115. Page 2C-6. Table 2C-4, Guidelines for Advance Placement of Warning Signs (Metric Units). Replace the table and associated notes with the following:

116. Page 2C-7, Table 2C-4, Guidelines for Advance Placement of Warning Signs (English Units). Replace the table and associated notes with the following:

117. Page 2C-8, Section 2C.06, Horizontal Alignment Signs (W1-1 through W1-5).

Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.06 Horizontal Alignment Signs (W1-1 through W1-5, W1-10, W1-11, W1-15).” Under the first Option, change:

The horizontal alignment Turn (W1-1), Curve (W1-2), Reverse Turn (W1-3), Reverse Curve (W1-4), or Winding Road (W1-5) signs may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. A Large Arrow (W1-6) sign (see Section 2C.09) may be used on the outside of the turn or curve.

to:

The horizontal alignment Turn (W1-1), Curve (W1-2), Reverse Turn (W1-3), Reverse Curve (W1-4), or Winding Road (W1-5) signs (see Figure 2C-1) may be used in advance of situations where the horizontal roadway alignment changes. A One-Direction Large Arrow (W1-6) sign (see Figure 2C-1 and Section 2C.09) may be used on the outside of the turn or curve.

If the change in horizontal alignment is 135 degrees or more, the Hairpin Curve (W1-11) sign (see Figure 2C-1) may be used.

If the change in horizontal alignment is approximately 270 degrees, such as on a cloverleaf interchange ramp, the 270-degree Loop (W1-15) sign (see Figure 2C-1) may be used.

Under Guidance, add the following paragraph after the first paragraph:

When the Hairpin Curve sign or the 270-degree Loop sign is installed, either a One-Direction Large Arrow (W1-6) sign or Chevron Alignment (W1-8) signs should be installed on the outside of the turn or curve.

Under the second Option, change:

An Advisory Speed plaque (see Section 2C.42) may be used to indicate the speed for the change in horizontal alignment. The supplemental distance plaque NEXT XX KM (NEXT XX MILES) may be installed below the Winding Road sign where continuous roadway curves exist (see Section 2C.41). The combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign (see Section 2C.07) or combination Horizontal Alignment/Intersection sign (see Section 2C.08) may also be used.

to:

An Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque (see Figure 2C-7 and Section 2C.42) may be used to indicate the speed for the change in horizontal alignment. The supplemental distance plaque NEXT XX KM (NEXT XX MILES) may be installed below the Winding Road sign where continuous roadway curves exist (see Section 2C.41). The combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign (see Section 2C.07), combination Horizontal Alignment/Intersection sign (see Section 2C.08), or the Curve Speed sign (see Section 2C.33) may also be used.

Under Standard, change: “When engineering judgment determines the need for a horizontal alignment sign, one of the W1-1 through W1-5 signs shall be used.” to: “When engineering judgment determines the need for a horizontal alignment sign, one of the W1-1 through W1-5, W1-10, W1-11 or W1-15 signs shall be used.” After the Standard, add the following:

Guidance:

The need for additional curve or turn warning and advisory speed reduction warning should be considered based on an engineering study or engineering judgment.

Option:

If the reduction in speed is 20 km/h (15 mph) or greater, a supplemental combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign or Curve Speed (W13-5) sign may be installed as near as practical to the point of curvature. If the reduction in speed is 40 km/h (25 mph) or greater, one or more additional Curve Speed signs may be installed along the curve.

118. Page 2C-8, Section 2C.07, Combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed Sign (W1-9). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.07 Combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed Signs”; under Option, change:

The Turn (W1-1) sign or the Curve (W1-2) sign may be combined with the Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque to create a combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed (W1-9) sign.

to:

The Turn (W1-1) sign may be combined with the Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque (see Section 2C.42) to create a combination Turn/Advisory Speed (W1-1a) sign (see Figure 2C-1). Other Horizontal Alignment signs may also be combined with the Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque to create a combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign.

Under Standard, change:

When used, the combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign shall supplement other advance warning signs and shall be installed at the beginning of the turn or curve. The minimum size of the W1-9 sign shall be 1200 x 1200 mm

(48 x 48 in) for high-speed facilities, and 900 x 900 mm (36 x 36 in) for low-speed facilities.

to:

When used, the combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign shall be installed as near as practical to the beginning of the turn or curve (see Figure 2C-2). The minimum size of the combination sign shall be 1200 x 1200 mm (48 x 48 in) for high-speed facilities, and 900 x 900 mm (36 x 36 in) for low-speed facilities. If a Horizontal Alignment warning sign with an Advisory Speed plaque is installed in advance of the turn or curve, the speeds shown on the Advisory Speed plaque and the combination sign shall be identical.

When the recommended reduction in speed is 20 km/h (15 mph) or greater, the combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign shall supplement other advance warning signs.

Following the Standard, add:

Option:

When the recommended reduction in speed is less than 20 km/h (15 mph), instead of installing other advance warning signs, the combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign may be installed just before the point of curvature.

The Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed sign may also be used throughout the turn or curve.

119. Page 2C-9. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-1 Horizontal Alignment Signs”; and add illustrations for the W1-1a and W1-2a Combination Horizontal Alignment/Advisory Speed signs, W1-11 Hairpin sign, the W1-13 and W1-13a Truck Tipping Over signs, and the W1-15 270-degree sign.”

120. Page 2C-10, Table 2C-5, Horizontal Alignment Sign Usage. In Row 3, Column3, change: “Reverse Turn” to: “Reverse Curve”.

121. Page 2C-10, Section 2C.08, Combination Horizontal Alignment/Intersection Sign (W1-10). Under Option, change: “… to create a combination Horizontal Alignment/Intersection (W1-10) sign that depicts the condition …” to: “… to create a combination Horizontal Alignment/Intersection (W1-10) sign (see Figure 2C-1) that depicts the condition …”

122. Page 2C.10. Following Section 2C.08, add a new figure, numbered and titled: “Figure 2C-2. Example of Advisory Speed Signing for a Turn or Curve” illustrating the appropriate placement of advisory signing for a turn or curve.

123. Page 2C-10, 2C.09, One-Direction Large Arrow Sign (W1-6). Under Option, change: “A One-Direction Large Arrow (W1-6) sign may be used…” to: “A One-Direction Large Arrow (W1-6) sign (see Figure 2C-1) may be used…”

124. Page 2C-11, Section 2C.10, Chevron Alignment Sign (W1-8). Under the first Option, in the second sentence, change: “...on curves or to the Large Arrow...” to: “on curves or to the One-Direction Large Arrow”; under Standard, at the end of the first paragraph add: “No border shall be used on the Chevron Alignment sign”; under the second Option, change: “… to inform drivers of a change of horizontal alignment through the intersection.” to: “… to inform drivers of a change of horizontal alignment for through traffic.”

125. Page 2C-12, Section 2C.11 Hill Signs (W7-1, W7-1a, W7-1b). Under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “The Hill (W7-1) sign should be used…” to: “The Hill (W7-1) sign (see Figure 2C-3) should be used”; change: “The Hill sign and supplemental grade (W7-3) plaque (see Section 2C.45) used in combination…” to: “The Hill sign and supplemental grade (W7-3) plaque (see Section 2C.44) used in combination…”; in the fourth paragraph, in the second sentence, change: “On longer grades, the use of the distance (W7-3a) plaque …” to: “On longer grades, the use of the Hill sign with a distance (W7-3a) plaque…”

126. Page 2C-12 and 2C-14, Section 2C.12, Truck Escape Ramp Signs (W7-4 Series). Under Guidance, change: “Where applicable, truck escape (or runaway truck) ramp advance warning signs should be located…” to: “Where applicable, truck escape (or runaway truck) ramp advance warning signs (see Figure 2C-3) should be located…”

127. Page 2C-13. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-3. Vertical Grade Signs”; and add an illustration for the HILL BLOCKS VIEW (W7-6) sign.

128. Page 2C-14, Section 2C.12, Truck Escape Ramp Signs (W7-4 Series). Under Standard, change: “When truck escape ramps are installed, one of the W7-4 series signs shall be used.” to: “When truck escape ramps are installed, at least one of the W7-4 series signs shall be used.”

129. Page 2C-14, Section 2C.13, ROAD NARROWS Sign (W5-1). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.13 ROAD NARROWS Signs (W5-1, W5-1a)”. Under Guidance change: “A ROAD NARROWS (W5-1) sign should be used…” to: “A ROAD NARROWS (W5-1) sign (see Figure 2C-4) should be used…”; following the first paragraph of the Option, add new paragraph that reads: “The Road Narrows (W5-1a) symbol sign (see Figure 2C-4) may be used as an alternate to the word message ROAD NARROWS sign.”

130. Page 2C-14, Section 2C.14, NARROW BRIDGE Sign (W5-2). Under the Guidance, change "A NARROW BRIDGE (W5-2) sign should be used…” to “A NARROW BRIDGE (W5-2) sign (see Figure 2C-4) should be used…”;

131. Page 2C-15. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-4. Miscellaneous Warning Signs”; and change the Narrow Bridge (W5-2a) symbol sign to the Narrow Road (W5-1a) symbol sign.

132. Page 2C-16, Section 2C.14, NARROW BRIDGE Sign (W5-2). Under Option, remove the second paragraph: “The Narrow Bridge (W5-2a) symbol sign may be used as an alternate to the word message NARROW BRIDGE sign.”

133. Page 2C-16, Section 2C.15, ONE LANE BRIDGE Sign (W5-3). Under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “A ONE LANE BRIDGE (W5-3) sign should be used…” to: “A ONE LANE BRIDGE (W5-3) sign (see Figure 2C-4) should be used…”; in Item C change: “Having a clear roadway width of 5.5 m (18 ft) or less, where the sight distance is limited on the approach to the structure.” to: “Having a clear roadway width of 5.5 m (18 ft) or less where the sight distance is limited on the approach to the structure.”

134. Page 2C-16, Section 2C.16, Divided Highway (Road) Sign (W6-1). Under Guidance, change: “A Divided Highway (W6-1) symbol sign should be used…” to: “A Divided Highway (W6-1) symbol sign (see Figure 2C-4) should be used…”; under Option, change: “The word message DIVIDED HIGHWAY (W6-1a) or DIVIDED ROAD (W6-1b) sign may be used…” to: “The word message DIVIDED HIGHWAY (W6-1a) or DIVIDED ROAD (W6-1b) sign (see Figure 2C-4) may be used…”

135. Page 2C-17, Section 2C.17, Divided Highway (Road) Ends Sign (W6-2). Under Guidance, change: “A Divided Highway Ends (W6-2) symbol sign should be used at the end of a section of physically divided highway (not an intersection or junction) as a warning of two-way traffic ahead.” to: “A Divided Highway Ends (W6-2) symbol sign (see Figure 2C-4) should be used in advance of the end of a section of physically divided highway (not an intersection or junction) as a warning of two-way traffic ahead.”; under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The TWO-WAY TRAFFIC (W6-3) sign (see Section 2C.31) may be used…” to: “The Two-Way Traffic (W6-3) symbol sign (see Section 2C.31) may be used…”; in the second paragraph, change: “The word message DIVIDED HIGHWAY ENDS (W6-2a) or DIVIDED ROAD ENDS (W6-2b) sign may be used as an alternate to the symbol sign.” to: “The word message DIVIDED HIGHWAY ENDS (W6-2a) or DIVIDED ROAD ENDS (W6-2b) sign (see Figure 2C-4) may be used as an alternate to the symbol sign.”

136. Page 2C-17, Section 2C.18, Double Arrow Sign (W12-1). Under Option, change: “The Double Arrow (W12-1) sign may be used to advise road users…” to: “The Double Arrow (W12-1) sign (see Figure 2C-4) may be used to advise road users…”

137. Pages 2C-17 and 2C-18, Section 2C.19, DEAD END/NO OUTLET Signs (W14-1, W14-2). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The DEAD END (W14-1) sign may be used …” to: “The DEAD END (W14-1) sign (see Figure 2C-4) may be used…”; in the second paragraph, change: “The DEAD END or NO OUTLET plaques (see Section 2C.46) may be used in combination with the Street Name (D3) sign…” to: “The DEAD END or NO OUTLET plaques (see Section 2C.46) may be used in combination with the Street Name (D3-1) sign…”; Under Standard, change: “When the W14-1 or W14-2 sign is used, the sign shall be posted at the entry point…” to: “When the W14-1 or W14-2 sign is used, the sign shall be posted as near as practical to the entry point…”

138. Page 2C-18, Section 2C.20, Low Clearance Signs (W12-2 and W12-2P). Under Standard, change: “The Low Clearance (W12-2) sign shall be used …” to: “The Low Clearance (W12-2) sign (see Figure 2C-4) shall be used …”; under Guidance in the second paragraph, change: “Where the clearance is less than the legal limit, a sign to that effect should be placed at the nearest intersecting road or wide point in the road at which a vehicle can detour or turn around.” to: “Where the clearance is less than the legal maximum vehicle height, the W12-2 sign with a supplemental distance plaque should be placed at the nearest intersecting road or wide point in the road at which a vehicle can detour or turn around.”; under Option, in the second sentence, change: “… a rectangular shape (W12-2P) with the appropriate legend.” to: “… a rectangular shape (W12-2P) with the appropriate legend (see Figure 2C-4).”

139. Page 2C-19. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-5. Roadway Condition and Advance Traffic Control Signs”; and add the W8-13 BRIDGE ICES BEFORE ROAD sign and the W3-4 BE PREPARED TO STOP sign.

140. Page 2C-20, Section 2C.21, BUMP and DIP Signs (W8-1, W8-2). Under the first Guidance, change: “BUMP (W8-1) and DIP (W8-2) signs should be used …” to: “BUMP (W8-1) and DIP (W8-2) signs (see Figure 2C-5) should be used …”; Under Standard, change: “The DIP sign shall not be used at a short stretch of depressed alignment that may momentarily hide a vehicle.” to: “The DIP sign shall not be used at a short stretch of depressed alignment that might momentarily hide a vehicle.”; Under the second Guidance, change: “A short stretch of depressed alignment that may momentarily hide a vehicle should be treated as a no-passing zone (see Section 3B.02).” to: “A short stretch of depressed alignment that might momentarily hide a vehicle should be treated as a no-passing zone when centerline striping is provided on a two-lane or three-lane road (see Section 3B.02).”

141. Page 2C-20, Section 2C.22, SPEED HUMP Sign (W17-1). Under Guidance, change: “The SPEED HUMP (W17-1) sign should be used…” to: “The SPEED HUMP (W17-1) sign (see Figure 2C-5) should be used…”; after the first paragraph of the Option, add a new paragraph that reads: “The legend SPEED BUMP may be used instead of the legend SPEED HUMP on the W17-1 sign.”

142. Page 2C-20, Section 2C-23, PAVEMENT ENDS Sign (W8-3). Under Guidance, change: “A PAVEMENT ENDS (W8-3) word message sign should be used…” to: “A PAVEMENT ENDS (W8-3) word message sign (see Figure 2C-5) should be used…”

143. Page 2C-21, Section 2C.24, Shoulder Signs (W8-4, W8-9, W8-9a, and W8-11). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.24 Shoulder and UNEVEN LANES Signs (W8-4, W8-9, W8-9a, and W8-11)”; under Support, change: “The signs discussed in this Section are appropriate for use in temporary traffic control zones (see Part 6).” to: “The signs discussed in this Section are also appropriate for use in temporary traffic control zones (see Section 6F.41).”; under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The SOFT SHOULDER (W8-4) word message sign may be used…” to: “The SOFT SHOULDER (W8-4) sign (see Figure 2C-5) may be used…”; in the second paragraph, change: “The LOW SHOULDER (W8-9) word message sign may be used…” to: “The LOW SHOULDER (W8-9) sign (see Figure 2C-5) may be used…”; following Option, add a new Standard: “The SHOULDER DROP-OFF (W8-9a) sign (see Figure 2C-5) shall be used when a shoulder drop-off, adjacent to the travel lane, exceeds 75 mm (3 in) in depth and is not protected by portable barriers.”; under Guidance, remove the first paragraph: “The SHOULDER DROP-OFF (W8-9a) sign should be used during construction and maintenance when a shoulder drop-off exceeds 75 mm (3 in) in height.”; in the second paragraph, change: “The UNEVEN LANES (W8-11) word message sign should be used…” to: “The UNEVEN LANES (W8-11) sign (see Figure 2C-5) should be used…”

144. Page 2C-22, Section 2C.25, Slippery When Wet Sign (W8-5). Under the Option, change: “The Slippery When Wet (W8-5) sign may be used to warn that a slippery condition may exist.” to: “The Slippery When Wet (W8-5) sign (see Figure 2C-5) may be used to warn that a slippery condition might exist.”

145. Page 2C-22, Section 2C.26, Advance Traffic Control Signs (W3-1, W3-2, W3-3, W3-4). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.26 Advance Traffic Control Signs (W3-1a, W3-2a, W3-3, W3-4)”; under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “The Advance Traffic Control symbol signs include…” to: “The Advance Traffic Control symbol signs (see Figure 2C-5) include…”

146. Page 2C-23, Section 2C.26, Advance Traffic Control Signs (W3-1a, W3-2a, W3-3, W3-4). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “A warning beacon may be used with a Signal Ahead (W3-3) sign.” to: “A warning beacon may be used with an Advance Traffic Control sign.”; in the second paragraph, change: “A BE PREPARED TO STOP (W3-4) sign may be used to warn of stopped traffic caused by traffic control signals or in areas that regularly experience traffic congestion.” to: “A BE PREPARED TO STOP (W3-4) sign (see Figure 2C-5) may be used to warn of stopped traffic caused by a traffic control signal or in advance of a section of roadway that regularly experiences traffic congestion.”; under Standard, change: “When a BE PREPARED TO STOP sign is used in advance of traffic signals, it shall be used in addition to a Signal Ahead sign.” to: “When a BE PREPARED TO STOP sign is used in advance of a traffic control signal, it shall be used in addition to a Signal Ahead sign.”; under Option, change: “The BE PREPARED TO STOP sign may be supplemented with beacons.” to: “The BE PREPARED TO STOP sign may be supplemented with a warning beacon.”; under Guidance, change: “When the beacon is interconnected with a traffic control signal…” to: “When the warning beacon is interconnected with a traffic control signal…”

147. Page 2C-23, Section 2C.27, CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP Plaque (W4-4). Change Section title to: “Section 2C.27 CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP Plaque (W4-4)”; replace the Section text in its entirety with the following:

Option:

The CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP (W4-4) plaque (see Figure 2C-9) may be used in combination with a STOP sign when engineering judgment indicates that drivers frequently misinterpret the intersection as a multi-way stop condition.

Standard:

If the W4-4 plaque is used, it shall be installed below the STOP sign.

148. Page 2C-24. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-6. Merging and Passing Signs” and add the W4-1a Entering Roadway Merge sign, the W4-2 Lane Ends symbol sign, and the W4-3a Added Lane sign. Remove the arrow from the W4-4P CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP sign, renumber it as W4-4, and move it to Figure on existing page 2C-29.

149. Page 2C-24, Section 2C.28, Merge Sign (W4-1). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.28 Merge Signs (W4-1, W4-1a)”; under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “A Merge (W4-1) sign may be used…” to: “A Merge (W4-1) sign (see Figure 2C-6) may be used…”; under Guidance, following the second paragraph, add a new paragraph:

When a Merge sign is to be installed on an entering roadway that curves before merging with the major roadway, such as a ramp with a curving horizontal alignment as it approaches the major roadway, the Entering Roadway Merge (W4-1a) sign (see Figure 2C-6) should be used to better portray the actual geometric conditions to road users on the entering roadway.

150. Page 2C-25, Section 2C.28, Merge Sign (W4-1). Under Guidance, in the second paragraph, change: “The Merge sign should not be used in place of a Lane Ends (W4-2) sign…” to: “The Merge sign should not be used in place of a Lane Ends sign…”

151. Page 2C-25, Section 2C.29, Added Lane Sign (W4-3). Change the section title to: “Section 2C. 29 Added Lane Signs (W4-3, W4-3a)”; under Guidance, change: “The Added Lane (W4-3) sign should be installed…” to: “The Added Lane (W4-3) sign (see Figure 2C-6) should be installed”; and at the end of Guidance add a new paragraph that reads:

When an Added Lane sign is to be installed on a roadway that curves before converging with another roadway that has a tangent alignment at the point of convergence, the Entering Roadway Added Lane (W4-3a) sign (see Figure 2C-6) should be used to better portray the actual geometric conditions to road users on the curving roadway.

152. Page 2C-25, Section 2C.30, Lane Ends Signs (W9-1, W9-2). Change Section title to: “Section 2C.30 Lane Ends Signs (W4-2, W9-1, W9-2).” Under the first Guidance, change: “The LANE ENDS MERGE LEFT (RIGHT) sign (W9-2) should be used to warn of the reduction in the number of traffic lanes in the direction of travel on a multilane highway.” to: “The LANE ENDS MERGE LEFT (RIGHT) (W9-2) word sign, or the Lane Reduction (W4-2) symbol sign, should be used to warn of the reduction in the number of traffic lanes in the direction of travel on a multilane highway (see Figure 2C-6)”; under Option, add a new first paragraph: “The number of lanes depicted at the top and the bottom of the Lane Reduction (W4-2) sign may be modified to represent the actual road lane configuration”; and in the existing first paragraph, (new second paragraph) change:

The RIGHT (LEFT) LANE ENDS (W9-1) sign may be used in advance of the Lane Ends (W4-2) sign or the LANE ENDS MERGE LEFT (RIGHT) (W9-2) sign as additional warning or to emphasize that the traffic lane is ending and that a merging maneuver will be required.

to:

The RIGHT (LEFT) LANE ENDS (W9-1) word sign (see Figure 2C-6) may be used in advance of the Lane Reduction (W4-2) symbol sign or the LANE ENDS MERGE LEFT (RIGHT) (W9-2) word sign as additional warning or to emphasize that the traffic lane is ending and that a merging maneuver will be required.

Under the second Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “Where an extra lane has been provided for slower moving traffic (see Section 2B.27), a Lane Ends sign should be installed in advance of the end of the extra lane.” to: “Where an extra lane has been provided for slower moving traffic (see Section 2B.27), a Lane Ends word sign or a Lane Reduction (W4-2) symbol sign should be installed in advance of the end of the extra lane.”

153. Page 2C-26, Section 2C.31, Two-Way Traffic Sign (W6-3). Under Guidance, change: “A Two-Way Traffic (W6-3) sign should be used…” to: “A Two-Way Traffic (W6-3) sign (see Figure 2C-6) should be used…”

154. Page 2C-26, Section 2C.32, NO PASSING ZONE Sign (W14-3). Under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “The NO PASSING ZONE (W14-3) sign shall be a pennant-shaped isosceles triangle…” to: “The NO PASSING ZONE (W14-3) sign (see Figure 2C-6) shall be a pennant-shaped isosceles triangle…”

155. Page 2C-26, Section 2C.33, Advisory Exit, Ramp, and Curve Speed Signs (W13-2, W13-3, W13-5). Under Standard, in the second paragraph, change: “The Exit Speed (W13-2), Ramp Speed (W13-3), or Curve Speed (W13-5) signs shall be used…” to: “The advisory Exit Speed (W13-2), Ramp Speed (W13-3), or Curve Speed (W13-5) signs (see Figure 2C-7) shall be used”; also consolidate paragraphs one and two of the Standard; under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “The Exit Speed sign should be used along the deceleration lane and the Ramp Speed sign should be used along the actual ramp since in some cases the ramp speed may be different from the deceleration exit speed.” to: “The Exit Speed sign should be used along the deceleration lane and one or more Ramp Speed signs should be used along the actual ramp since in some cases the ramp speed may be different from the deceleration exit speed (see Figure 2C-8).”

156. Page 2C.27. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-7. Advisory Speed and Speed Reduction Signs”; remove the METRIC plaque and add a black circle around the speed value on all metric speed advisory speed signs; add the new diamond shaped symbol (W3-5) and word (W3-5a) Speed Reduction signs in both metric and English units.

157. Page 2C-28, Section 2C.33, Advisory Exit, Ramp, and Curve Speed Signs (W13-2, W13-3, W13-5). Under Option, in the second paragraph, change:

A Curve Speed sign may be used beyond the beginning of a curve following a Horizontal Alignment and Advisory Speed sign combination where the recommended speed changes because of a change in curvature or when there is a need to remind road users of the recommended speed.

to:

A Curve Speed sign may be used at and beyond the beginning of a curve following a Horizontal Alignment and Advisory Speed sign combination, or when there is a need to remind road users of the recommended speed, or where the recommended speed changes because of a change in curvature (see Section 2C.06).

Following the second paragraph of the Option, add a new paragraph:

The 85th-percentile speed, which is equivalent to the 16-degree ball-bank indication or an 88 mm/second (0.28 ft/second) reading on an accelerometer, along the ramp or curve may be used to determine the recommended speed as it is the speed at which most road users’ judgment recognizes incipient instability along a ramp or curve.

158. Following Section 2C.33, add a new Figure numbered and titled: “Figure 2C-8. Example of Advisory Speed Signing for an Exit Ramp” that depicts a freeway exit ramp with additional Advisory Speed Ramp (W13-3) installed along the ramp.

159. Page 2C-28, Section 2C.34, Intersection Warning Signs (W2-1 through W2-6). Under Option, in the first paragraph, change:

A Cross Road (W2-1), Side Road (W2-2 or W2-3), T-Symbol (W2-4), or Y-Symbol (W2-5) sign may be used on a roadway, street, or shared-use path in advance of an intersection to indicate the presence of an intersection and the possibility of turning or entering traffic. The Circular Intersection (W2-6) sign accompanied by an educational word message plaque may be installed in advance of a circular intersection.

to:

A Cross Road (W2-1) symbol, Side Road (W2-2 or W2-3) symbol, T-Symbol (W2-4), or Y-Symbol (W2-5) sign (see Figure 2C-9) may be used in advance of an intersection to indicate the presence of an intersection and the possibility of turning or entering traffic. The Circular Intersection (W2-6) symbol sign accompanied by an educational word message plaque may be installed in advance of a circular intersection.

Under Option, in the third paragraph, change: “An advance street name plaque (see Section 2C.45) may be installed below an Intersection sign.” to: “An advance street name plaque (see Section 2C.45) may be installed below an Intersection warning sign.”; under the Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “The Intersection sign should illustrate and depict the general configuration of the intersecting roadway, such as cross road, side road, T-intersection, Y-intersection, or curvilinear alignment.” to: “The Intersection warning sign should illustrate and depict the general configuration of the intersecting roadway, such as cross road, side road, T-intersection, or Y-intersection.”; in the second paragraph, change:

Intersection signs should not be used on approaches controlled by STOP signs, YIELD signs, signals, or where Junction signing (see Sections 2D.13 and 2D.28) or advance route turn assembly signs (see Section 2D.29) are present.

to:

Intersection Warning signs, other than the Circular Intersection Warning symbol (W2-6) sign, should not be used on approaches controlled by STOP signs, YIELD signs, signals, or where Junction signing (see Sections 2D.13 and 2D.28) or advance route turn assembly signs (see Section 2D.29) are present.

Under the Guidance, following the third paragraph add a new paragraph: “The Circular Intersection Warning symbol (W2-6) sign should be installed on the approach to a YIELD sign controlled roundabout intersection.”

160. Page 2C-29, Section 2C.35, Two-Direction Large Arrow Sign (W1-7). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, change: “The Two-Direction Large Arrow (W1-7) sign shall be a horizontal rectangle.” to: “The Two-Direction Large Arrow (W1-7) sign (see Figure 2C-9) shall be a horizontal rectangle.”

161. Page 2C-29. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-9. Intersection Warning Signs”; change the Circular Intersection (W2-6) to three curved arrows instead of the circle; add the CAUTION ONCOMING GREEN EXTENDED (W25-1) sign; add the CAUTION ONCOMING GREEN MAY BE EXTENDED (W25-2) sign; add the CROSS TRAFFIC DOES NOT STOP (W4-4) sign without an arrow.

162. Page 2C-29, Section 2C.35, Two-Direction Large Arrow Sign (W1-7). Under Standard, in the first paragraph, change: “The Two-Direction Large Arrow (W1-7) sign shall …” to: “The Two-Direction Large Arrow (W1-7) sign (see Figure 2C-9) shall …”

163. Page 2C-30, Section 2C.36, Motorized Traffic Signs (W8-6, W11-5, W11-8, W11-10). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.36 Motorized Traffic Signs (W8-6, W11-5, W11-5a, W11-8, W11-10, W11-10a, W11-12)” Under the first Option, change:

Motorized Traffic (W8-6, W11-5, W11-8, W11-10 or W11-10a, W11-12) signs may be used to alert road users to locations where unexpected entries into the roadway by trucks, farm vehicles, emergency vehicles, or other vehicles might occur.

to:

Motorized Traffic (W8-6, W11-5, W11-5a, W11-8, W11-10 or W11-10a) signs (see Figure 2C-10) may be used to alert road users to locations where unexpected entries into the roadway by trucks, farm vehicles, emergency vehicles, or other vehicles might occur. The TRUCK CROSSING (W8-6) word message sign may be used as an alternate to the Truck Crossing symbol (W11-10) sign.

Under the second Option, change:

Supplemental plaques (see Section 2C.39) with the legend AHEAD, XX METERS (XX FEET), or NEXT XX KILOMETERS (NEXT XX MILES) may be mounted below Motorized Traffic signs to provide advance notice to road users of unexpected entries.

to:

Supplemental plaques (see Section 2C.39) with legends such as AHEAD, XX METERS (XX FEET), NEXT XX KILOMETERS (NEXT XX MILES), or SHARE THE ROAD may be mounted below Motorized Traffic signs to provide advance notice to road users of unexpected entries.

Under Standard, change: “The Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign with the EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD (W11-12P) supplemental plaque shall be placed in advance of all emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Chapter 4F).” to: “The Emergency Vehicle (W11-8) sign with the EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD (W11-12) supplemental plaque (see Figure 2C-10) shall be placed in advance of all emergency-vehicle traffic control signals (see Chapter 4F).”

164. Page 2C-30, Section 2C.37, Crossing Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W16-7P). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.37 Nonvehicular Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W11-11, W11-14, , W11-14a, W11-15)”; under Option, change: “Crossing (W11-1 through W11-4) signs may be used to alert road users to locations where unexpected entries into the roadway by pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, and other crossing activities might occur.” to: “Nonvehicular signs (see Figure 2C-10) may be used to alert road users in advance of locations where unexpected entries into the roadway or shared use of the roadway by pedestrians, bicyclists, golf carts, animals, horse-drawn vehicles, and other crossing activities might occur.”

165. Page 2C-31. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-10. Motorized Traffic and Nonvehicular Signs”; add the Tractor W11-5a sign, the Golf Cart (W11-11) sign, the SHARE THE ROAD (W16-1) sign, the Playground (W15-1) sign, the Horse and Buggy (W11-14) sign, the Horse and Carriage (W11-14a) sign, the Waterfowl (W11-15), the Dump Truck (W11-10a) sign; change the number of the EMERGENCY SIGNAL AHEAD sign from “W11-12P” to “W11-12”.

166. Page 2C-32, Section 2C.37, Crossing Signs (W11-1, W11-2, W11-3, W11-4, W16-7P). Under the first Option, change: “Crossing signs may be supplemented with supplemental plaques (see Section 2C.39) with the legend AHEAD, XX METERS (XX FEET), or NEXT XX KILOMETERS (NEXT XX MILES) to provide advance notice to road users of crossing activity.” to: “When used in advance of a crossing, Nonvehicular warning signs may be supplemented with supplemental plaques (see Section 2C.39) with the legend AHEAD, XX METERS (XX FEET), or NEXT XX KILOMETERS (NEXT XX MILES) to provide advance notice to road users of crossing activity.”; under Standard, in the first sentence, change:

Crossing signs shall be used adjacent to the crossing location. If the crossing location is not delineated by crosswalk pavement markings, the Crossing sign shall be supplemented with a diagonal downward pointing arrow plaque (W16-7P) showing the location of the crossing. If the crossing location is delineated by crosswalk pavement markings, the diagonal downward pointing arrow plaque shall not be required.

to:

When used at the crossing, Nonvehicular warning signs shall be supplemented with a diagonal downward pointing arrow (W16-7) plaque (see Figure 2C-10) showing the location of the crossing.

Under the second Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The crossing location may be defined with pavement markings...” to: “The crossing location may be defined with crosswalk markings…”; in the second paragraph, change: “Pedestrian, Bicycle, School Advance Crossing, and School Crossing signs may have a fluorescent yellow-green background with a black legend and border.” to: “Pedestrian, Bicycle, School Advance Crossing, and School Crossing signs and their related supplemental plaques may have a fluorescent yellow-green background with a black legend and border.”; under Guidance, in the second paragraph, change: “Crossing signs should be used only at locations where the crossing activity is unexpected or at locations not readily apparent.” to: “Nonvehicular signs should be used only at locations where the crossing activity is unexpected or at locations not readily apparent.”

167. Page 2C-32, Section 2C.38, Playground Sign (W15-1). Under Option, change: “The Playground (W15-1) sign may be used…” to: “The Playground (W15-1) sign (see Figure 2C-10) may be used…”

168. Page 2C-33. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2C-11. Supplemental Warning Plaques”; remove the Playground (W15-1) plaque and the SHARE THE ROAD (W16-1) plaque; add a two line example of the street name (W16-8) plaque with arrows, the PHOTO ENFORCED (W16-10) plaque, the HOV 2+ (W16-11) plaque; change the font of the W7-3a and W7-3b plaques to be identical to the font on the W7-3 plaque; add a border to the W16-8 plaque.

169. Page 2C-34, Section 2C.38, Playground Sign (W15-1). Under Guidance, in the second line, change: “Crossing” to: “Nonvehicular”.

170. Page 2C-34, Section 2C.41, Distance Plaques (W16-2, W16-3, W16-4, W7-3a). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.41 Distance Plaques (W16-2 series, W16-3 series, W16-4, W7-3a)”; Under Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The Distance Ahead (W16-2 and W16-3) plaques may be used…” to: “The Distance Ahead (W16-2 series and W16-3 series) plaques (see Figure 2C-11) may be used…”; and in the second paragraph, change: “The Next Distance (W16-4 and W7-3a) plaques may be used…” to: “The Next Distance (W16-4 and W7-3a) plaques (see Figure 2C-11) may be used…”

171. Page 2C-35, Section 2C.42, Advisory Speed Plaque (W13-1). Under Option, change: “The Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque may be used to indicate the recommended speed for a condition.” to: “The Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque (see Figure 2C-7) may be used to supplement any warning sign to indicate the recommended speed for a condition.”; under Standard, add a new first paragraph: “The Advisory Speed plaque shall be used where an engineering study indicates a need to advise road users of the recommended speed for a condition.”; in the existing first paragraph (new second paragraph) change: “The Advisory Speed plaque shall carry the message XX km/h (XX M.P.H). The speed shown shall be a multiple of 10 km/h (5 mph).” to: “If used, the Advisory Speed plaque shall carry the message XX km/h (XX M.P.H). The speed shown shall be a multiple of 10 km/h (5 mph).”; following the Guidance, add an Option:

172. Page 2C-35, Section 2C.43, Supplemental Arrow Plaques (W16-5P, W16-6P). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.43 Supplemental Arrow Plaques (W16-5, W16-6, W16-7)”; under Guidance, in the last line, change: “…Supplemental Arrow plaque (W16-5P, W16-6P) should…” to: “Supplemental Arrow plaque (W16-5P, W16-6P, W16-7) (see Figure 2C.10) should…”; under Standard, change: “Supplemental Arrow plaques shall have the same legend design as the Advance Turn and Direction Arrow markers …” to: “Supplemental Arrow plaques (see Figure 2C-10) shall have the same legend design as the Advance Turn Arrow and Direction Arrow auxiliary signs…”

173. Page 2C-35, Section 2C.44, Hill-Related Plaques (W7-2 and W7-3). Change the Section title to: “Section 2C.44 Hill-Related Plaques (W7-2 Series, W7-3 Series)”; under Guidance, change: “Hill-Related (W7-2 series, W7-3 series) plaques (or other appropriate legends) and larger signs should be used for emphasis or where special hill characteristics exist.” to: “Hill-Related (W7-2 series, W7-3 series) plaques (see Figure 2C-11) or other appropriate legends and larger signs should be used for emphasis or where special hill characteristics exist.”

174. Page 2C-36, Section 2C.45, Advance Street Name Plaque (W16-8). Under Option, change: “An Advance Street Name (W16-8) plaque may be used…” to: “An Advance Street Name (W16-8) plaque (see Figure 2C-11) may be used…”

175. Page 2C-36, Section 2C.46, DEAD END/NO OUTLET Plaques (W14-1P, W14-2P). Under Option, change: “DEAD END (W14-1P) or NO OUTLET(W14-2P) plaques may be used in combination Street Name (D3) signs (see Section 2D.38) at intersections instead of or in addition to the W14-1 or W14-2 signs.” to: “DEAD END (W14-1P) or NO OUTLET(W14-2P) plaques (see Figure 2C-11) may be used in combination Street Name (D3-1) signs (see Section 2D.38) to warn turning traffic that the cross street ends in the direction indicated by the arrow.”; following the first paragraph, add a new paragraph: “At locations where the cross street does not have a name, DEAD END or NO OUTLET plaques may be used alone in place of a street name sign."; remove the Standard in its entirety.

176. Page 2C-36, Section 2C.47, SHARE THE ROAD Plaque (W16-1). Under Option, change:

In situations where there is a need to warn drivers to watch for other slower forms of transportation traveling along the highway, such as bicycles, golf carts, or farm machinery, a SHARE THE ROAD (W16-1) plaque may be used.

to:

In situations where there is a need to warn drivers to watch for other slower forms of transportation traveling along the highway, such as bicycles, golf carts, horse-drawn vehicles, or farm machinery, a SHARE THE ROAD (W16-1) plaque (see Figure 2C-10) may be used.

177. Page 2C-36. Following Section 2C.47, add a new Section numbered and titled: “2C.48 High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Plaque (W16-11)”. The new section reads:

Option:

In situations where there is a need to warn drivers in an HOV lane of a specific condition, a HOV (W16-11) plaque (see Figure 2C-11) may be used. The HOV plaque may be used to differentiate a warning sign specific for HOV lanes when the sign is also visible to traffic on the adjoining general purpose roadway. Among the warning signs that may be possible applications of the HOV plaque are the Advisory Speed, Advisory Exit Speed, Added Lane, and Merge signs.

The diamond symbol may be used instead of the word message HOV on the W16-11 plaque. When appropriate, the words LANE or ONLY may be used on this plaque.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2C.49 PHOTO ENFORCED Plaque (W16-10)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

A PHOTO ENFORCED (W16-10) plaque (see Figure 2C-11) may be mounted below a warning sign to advise road users that the regulations associated with the condition being warned about (such as a traffic signal or a toll plaza) are being enforced by photographic equipment.

Standard:

If used below a warning sign, the PHOTO ENFORCED plaque shall be a rectangle with a black legend and border on a yellow background.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2C.50 HILL BLOCKS VIEW Sign (W7-6)”. The new section reads:

Option:

A HILL BLOCKS VIEW (W7-6) sign (see Figure 2C-3) may be used in advance of a crest vertical curve to advise road users to reduce speed as they approach and traverse the hill as only limited stopping sight distance is available.

Guidance:

When a HILL BLOCKS VIEW sign is used, it should be supplemented by an Advisory Speed (W13-1) plaque indicating the recommended speed for traveling over the hillcrest based on available stopping sight distance.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2C.51 Speed Reduction Signs (W3-5, W3-5a)”. The new Section reads:

Guidance:

A Speed Reduction (W3-5 or W3-5a) sign (see Figure 2C-7) should be used to inform road users of a reduced speed zone when engineering judgment indicates the need for advance notice to comply with the posted speed limit ahead.

Standard:

If used, Speed Reduction signs shall be followed by a Speed Limit (R2-1) sign installed at the beginning of the zone where the speed limit applies.

The speed limit displayed on the Speed Reduction sign shall be identical to the speed limit displayed on the subsequent Speed Limit sign.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2C.52 BRIDGE ICES BEFORE ROAD Sign (W8-13)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

A BRIDGE ICES BEFORE ROAD (W8-13) sign (see Figure 2C-5) may be used in advance of bridges to advise bridge users of winter weather conditions.

Guidance:

The BRIDGE ICES BEFORE ROAD sign should be removed or covered during seasons of the year when its message is not relevant.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2C.53 Traffic Signal Signs (W25-1, W25-2)”. The new Section reads:

Standard:

Unless a separate left-turn signal face is provided and is operated as described in Section 4D.06, if the possibility exists that a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication could be displayed to an approach from which drivers are turning left permissively without the simultaneous display of a CIRCULAR YELLOW signal indication to the opposing approach (see Section 4D.05), either a W25-1 or a W25-2 sign (see Figure 2C-9) shall be installed near the left-most signal head. If the operation described in the previous sentence occurs regularly, the CAUTION ONCOMING GREEN EXTENDED (W25-1) sign shall be used; if the operation occurs only occasionally, the CAUTION ONCOMING GREEN MAY BE EXTENDED (W25-2) sign shall be used.

Then, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2C.54 Truck Rollover Warning Signs (W1-13, W1-13a)”. The new Section reads:

Option:

A Truck Rollover Warning (W1-13) sign or Combination Truck Rollover/Advisory Speed (W1-13a) sign (see Figure 2C-1) may be used to warn drivers of vehicles with a high center of gravity, such as trucks, tankers, and recreational vehicles, of a curve or turn having geometric conditions that are prone to cause such vehicles to lose control and overturn.

Standard:

When the Truck Rollover Warning (W1-13) sign is used, it shall be accompanied by an Advisory Speed Plaque (W13-1) indicating the recommended speed for vehicles with a higher center of gravity.

Option:

The Truck Rollover Warning or Combination Truck Rollover/Advisory Speed sign may be displayed either as a static sign, a static sign supplemented by a flashing warning beacon, or as a changeable message sign activated by the detection of an approaching vehicle with a high center of gravity that is traveling in excess of the recommended speed for the condition.

178. Page 2D-1, Section 2D.03, Color, Retroreflection, and Illumination. Following Standard, insert new paragraphs:

Support:

Color coding is sometimes used to help road users distinguish between multiple potentially confusing destinations. Examples of valuable uses of color coding include guide signs for roadways approaching or inside an airport property with multiple terminals serving multiple airlines, and wayfinding signs for various traffic generator destinations within a community or area.

Standard:

Different color sign backgrounds shall not be used to provide color coding of destinations. The color coding shall be accomplished by the use of different colored square or rectangular panels on the face of the guide signs.

Option:

The different colored panels may include a black or white (whichever provides the better contrast with the panel color) letter, numeral, or other appropriate designation to identify the airport terminal or other destination.

Support:

Two examples of color-coded sign assemblies are shown in Figure 2D-1.”

179. Page 2D-2, Section 2D.04, Size of Signs. Under Option, change: “Because the size of overhead signs are sometimes limited by factors such as lane width and vertical clearance, reduced letter height, reduced interline spacing, and reduced edge spacing may be used.” to: “Reduced letter height, reduced interline spacing, and reduced edge spacing may be used on guide signs if sign size must be limited by factors such as lane width or vertical or lateral clearance.”; following Option, insert:

Standard:

Reduced spacing between the letters or words on a line of legend shall not be used as a means of reducing the overall size of a guide sign.

180. Page 2D-2. After Section 2D.04, add a new Figure numbered and titled: “Figure 2D-1. Examples of Color-Coded Destination Guide Signs” and containing an example of an overhead-mounted horizontal assembly of two color-coded guide signs for airport terminals and an example of a ground-mounted vertical assembly of two color-coded community destination guide signs.

181. Page 2D-2, Section 2D.05, Lettering Style. Under Standard, change: “…(Section 2A.14)…” to: “…(see Section 2A.14)…”

182. Page 2D-3, Section 2D.06, Size of Lettering. Under Standard, remove: “Sign panels shall be large enough to accommodate the required legend without crowding.”

183. Page 2D-3, Section 2D.08, Arrows. Under Support, change: “Figure 2D-1…” to: “Figure 2D-2…”

184. Page 2D-4, Figure 2D-1, Arrows for Use on Guide Signs. Change the figure number from: “Figure 2D-1” to: “Figure 2D-2”.

185. Page 2D-6, Section 2D.11, Design of Route Signs. Under Standard, change: “…signs shall…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-3”) shall…”.

186. Page 2D-7. Add a figure number and title to the this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-3. Route Signs and Markers”.

187. Page 2D-8, Section 2D.11, Design of Route Signs. Under the first Standard (line 1), second Standard (line 1 of the first paragraph), and third Standard (line 2), change: “…signs shall…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-3) shall…”; under Guidance (line 1), change: “…signs should…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-3) should…”.

188. Page 2D-9, Section 2D.11, Design of Route Signs. Under Standard (line 1), change: “…signs for…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-3”) for…”.

189. Page 2D-10, Section 2D.13, Junction Auxiliary Sign. In line 1 change: “…sign shall…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) shall…”.

190. Page 2D-10, Section 2D.14, Combination Junction Sign. Under Standard, change: “…sign shall…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4”) shall…”.

191. Page 2D-11. Add a title to the Figure: “Figure 2D-4. Route Sign Auxiliaries”; and at the bottom right corner of the Figure add a new M4-7a sign with the legend “TEMP”.

192. Page 2D-12, Section 2D.15, Cardinal Direction Auxiliary Signs (M3-1 through M3-4). Under Guidance, change: “…signs carrying…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-4) carrying…”

193. Page 2D-12, Section 2D.17, ALTERNATE Auxiliary Signs (M4-1, M4-1a). Under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) may…”; under Guidance, change: “…shorter or…” to: “…shorter (time or distance) or…”.

194. Page 2D-13, Section 2D.18, BY-PASS Auxiliary Sign (M4-2). Under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) may…”.

195. Page 2D-13, Section 2D.19, BUSINESS Auxiliary Sign (M4-3). Under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) may…”.

196. Page 2D-13, Section 2D.20, TRUCK Auxiliary Sign (M4-4). Under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) may…”.

197. Page 2D-13, Section 2D.21, TO Auxiliary Sign (M4-5). Under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) may…”.

198. Page 2D-14, Section 2D.22, END Auxiliary Sign (M4-6). Under Guidance, change: “…sign should…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-4) should…”.

199. Page 2D-14, Section 2D.23, TEMPORARY Auxiliary Sign (M4-7). Change Section title to: “Section 2D.23, TEMPORARY Auxiliary Signs (M4-7, M4-7a).” Under Option, change: “…(M4-7) auxiliary sign may…” to: “…(M4-7) or the TEMP (M4-7a) auxiliary sign (see Figure 2D-4) may…”; under Standard, paragraphs 1 and 2, change: “…TEMPORARY auxiliary…” to: “…TEMPORARY or TEMP auxiliary…”.

200. Page 2D-15, Section 2D.25, Advance Turn Arrow Auxiliary Signs (M5-1, M5-2). Change: “…sign shall…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-5) shall…”.

201. Page 2D-15, Section 2D.26, Directional Arrow Auxiliary Signs (M6 Series). Change: “…sign shall…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-5) shall…”

202. Page 2D-16. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-5. Directional Arrow Auxiliary Signs”; and remove the illustration of the M6-8 and M6-9 signs.

203. Page 2D-17, Section 2D.27, Route Sign Assemblies. Under Support, change: “Figure 2D-2…” to: “Figure 2D-6…”

204. Page 2D-18, Figure 2D-2, Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 1 of 3). Change the number of the Figure from “Figure 2D-2” to “Figure 2D-6”; in all cardinal direction signs, change the initial capital letter of the direction to make it larger than the rest of the word; in the left-hand illustration, add “NORTH” cardinal direction signs above both U.S. 37 route markers at the intersection and remove the M6-9 sign from under the route 18 marker in the junction assembly; in the right-hand illustration, change the route marker assembly at the intersection from one having three route markers to one having five route markers with accompanying cardinal directions and directional arrow signs for each direction, and remove all the arrows from the advance junction sign at lower right.

205. Page 2D-19, Figure 2D-2, Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 2 of 3). Change the number of the Figure from “Figure 2D-2” to “Figure 2D-6”; in all cardinal direction signs, change the initial capital letter of the direction to make it larger than the rest of the word; in the left-hand illustration, change the route marker assembly at the intersection from one having three route markers to one having four route markers with accompanying cardinal directions and directional arrow signs for each direction, remove the “TO U.S. 40” trailblazer assembly and straight ahead directional arrow sign, and add cardinal direction signs above the route 3 and route 15 markers in the advance route turn assembly; in the right-hand illustration, add cardinal direction signs above the Route 4 and U.S. 56 markers in the route sign assembly at the intersection, and in the directional sign change: “BRISTOL” to “EUREKA”.

206. Page 2D-20, Figure 2D-2, Illustration of Directional Assemblies and Other Route Signs (for One Direction of Travel Only) (Sheet 3 of 3). Change the number of the Figure from “Figure 2D-2” to “Figure 2D-6”; in all cardinal direction signs, change the initial capital letter of the direction to make it larger than the rest of the word; in the top left illustration remove the double arrow directional sign from under the route 4 marker in the junction assembly, add a cardinal direction sign above the U.S. 86 route marker in the advance route turn assembly, and change the route marker assembly at the intersection from one having two route markers to one having three route markers with accompanying cardinal directions and directional arrow signs for each direction; in the bottom left illustration, add cardinal direction signs above all route markers that do not have them in the existing illustration; in the right-hand illustration, in the dimension shown from the intersection to the crossroad warning sign, change “225 m (750 ft)” to “*” and add a note: “* See Table 2C-4 for distance”.

207. Page 2D-21, Section 2D.29, Advance Route Turn Assembly. Under Guidance, in the first and second paragraphs, change: “…the Route…” to: “…the Advance Route…”.

208. Page 2D-22, Section 2D.30, Directional Assembly. Under Support, change: “Figure 2D-2…” to: “Figure 2D-6…”

209. Page 2D-23, Section 2D.31, Confirming or Reassurance Assemblies. Under Standard, delete the second paragraph in its entirety. Under Guidance, in the first paragraph, change: “If the Confirming assembly is used, it should be placed 7.6 to 60 m (25 to 200 ft) beyond the far shoulder or curb line of the intersected highway.” to: “ A Confirming assembly should be installed just beyond intersections of numbered routes. It should be placed 7.6 to 60 m (25 to 200 ft) beyond the far shoulder or curb line of the intersected highway.”; and in the second paragraph, change: “If used, reassurance assemblies…” to: “If used, Reassurance assemblies…”

210. Page 2D-24, Section 2D.34, Destination Signs. Change the Section title to: “Section 2D.34 Destination Signs (D1 Series)”; under Standard, change: “…Destination sign, if…” to: “…Destination (D1-1 through D1-3) sign (see Figure 2D-7), if…”; under Option, change: “The distance to the place named may also be shown.” to: “The distance (see Section 2D.36) to the place named may also be shown on the Destination (D1-1a through D1-3a) sign (see Figure 2D-7).”

211. Page 2D-25, Section 2D.34, Destination Signs. Change:

Guidance:

The directional arrows should be horizontal or vertical, but at an irregular intersection a sloping arrow will sometimes convey a clearer indication of the direction to be followed.

If several individual name panels are assembled into a group, all panels in the assembly should be of the same length.

to:

Guidance:

Except as stated in the Option, the directional arrows should be horizontal or vertical.

Option:

At an irregular intersection a sloping arrow may be used if it will convey a clearer indication of the direction to be followed.

Guidance:

If several individual name panels are assembled into a group, all panels in the assembly should be of the same length.

212. Page 2D-26. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-7. Destination and Distance Signs”; and in the D2-3 sign at lower right, change the three lines of sign legend from “LAMAR 35, EADS 15, LIMON 30” to “LAMAR 15, EADS 51, LIMON 133”.

213. Page 2D-27, Section 2D.35, Location of Destination Signs. Under Support, change: “Figure 2D-2…” to: “Figure 2D-6…”

214. Page 2D-28, Section 2D.36, Distance Signs. Change the Section title to: “Section 2D.36, Distance Signs (D2 Series)”; under Standard, change: “…Distance sign shall…” to: “…Distance (D2-1 through D2-3) sign (see Figure 2D-7) shall…”; under Guidance, insert a new first paragraph:

The distance shown should be the distance to the center of the central business district, or to the point where the major north/south and east/west routes serving the city intersect, or to some other point near the center of the city.

215. Page 2D-29, Section 2D.37, Location of Distance Signs. Under Support, change: “Figure 2D-2…” to: “Figure 2D-6…”

216. Page 2D-29, Section 2D.38, Street Name Sign (D3). Change the Section title to: “Section 2D.38 Street Name Sign (D3-1)”; under Guidance, change: “…(D3) signs should…” to: “…(D3-1) signs (see Figure 2D-8) should…”; remove: “Larger letter heights should be used for street name signs mounted overhead”; following second paragraph, insert a new third paragraph of the Guidance: “On multilane streets with speed limits greater than 60 km/h (40 mph), the lettering on Street Name signs should be at least 200 mm (8 in) high in capital letters, or 200 mm (8 in) upper-case letters with 150 mm (6 in) lower-case letters.”; under Option, change: “A symbol or letter designation may be used to identify the governmental jurisdiction.” to: “A symbol or letter designation may be used on a Street Name sign to identify the governmental jurisdiction, area of jurisdiction, or other government-approved institution.”; under Standard, change: “…the width…” to: “…the height or width…”.

217. Page 2D-30. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-8. Street Name and Parking Signs”; and add illustrations of two versions of an Advance Street Name sign, one with three lines of legend: “(left arrow) Scott Boulevard, Lincoln Avenue (right arrow), NEXT SIGNAL”, and one with four lines of legend: “Shady Grove Road, NEXT INTERSECTION, Pleasant Street, 2^nd INTERSECTION”.

218. Page 2D-31, Section 2D.38, Street Name Sign (D3). Under Option, change:

Street name signs may be installed at both midblock and intersection locations. To optimize visibility, Street Name signs may be mounted overhead. On intersection approaches, a supplemental Street Name sign (see Section 2C.45) may be installed separately or below an intersection-related warning sign. Street Name signs may also be placed above a regulatory or STOP sign with no required vertical separation.

to:

Street name signs may be installed at intersection locations. To optimize visibility, Street Name signs may be mounted overhead. Street Name signs may also be placed above a regulatory or STOP or YIELD sign with no required vertical separation.

Under second Guidance, remove: “When combined with a warning sign, the color of the supplemental Street Name sign should be a black message and border on a yellow background.” and insert:

In urban or suburban areas, especially where Advance Street Name signs are not used, the use of overhead-mounted Street Name signs should be considered. If overhead Street Name signs are used, the lettering should be at least 300 mm (12 in) high in capital letters, or 300 mm (12 in) upper-case letters with 225 mm (9 in) lower-case letters.

Support:

Information regarding the use of street name signs as supplemental plaques below intersection-related warning signs is contained in Section 2C.45.

219. Page 2D-31. Following Section 2D.38, insert a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2D.39 Advance Street Name Signs (D3-2)”. The new Section reads:

Support:

Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs (see Figure 2D-8) identify the next intersecting street.

Standard:

Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs, if used, shall supplement rather than be used instead of the Street Name (D3-1) signs at the intersection.

Option:

Advance Street Name (D3-2) signs may be installed in advance of intersections to provide road users with advance information to identify the name(s) of the next intersected street to prepare for crossing traffic and to facilitate timely deceleration and/or lane changing in preparation for a turn.

Guidance:

On arterial highways in rural areas, Advance Street Name signs should be used in advance of all signalized intersections and in advance of all intersections with exclusive turn lanes.

In urban areas, Advance Street Name signs should be used in advance of all signalized intersections on major arterial streets, except where signalized intersections are closely spaced.

Option:

Advance Street Name signs may be used in advance of other non-signalized intersections.

Standard:

If used, Advance Street Name signs shall have a white legend and border on a green background.

On single-lane approaches, the lettering on Advance Street Name signs shall be at least 150 mm (6 in) high in capital letters, or 150 mm (6 in) upper-case letters with 113 mm (4.5 in) lower-case letters.

On multi-lane approaches or where mounted overhead, the lettering on Advance Street Name signs shall be at least 200 mm (8 in) high in capital letters, or 200 mm (8 in) upper-case letters with 150 mm (6 in) lower-case letters.

Advance Street Name signs shall provide the name(s) of the intersecting street(s) on the top lines of the legend and the distance to the intersecting streets or messages such as NEXT SIGNAL, NEXT INTERSECTION, or directional arrow(s) on the bottom line of the legend.

Option:

For intersection crossroads where the same road has a different street name for each direction of travel, the different street names may be shown on the same Advance Street Name sign along with directional arrows.

In advance of two closely spaced intersections where it is not practical to install separate Advance Street Name signs, the Advance Street Name sign may include the street names for both intersections along with appropriate supplemental legends for both street names, such as NEXT INTERSECTION, 2^nd INTERSECTION, or NEXT LEFT and NEXT RIGHT, or advance directional arrows.

An Advance Street Name (W16-8) plaque with black legend on a yellow background, installed supplemental to an Intersection (W2) or Advance Traffic Control (W3) series warning sign may be used instead of an Advance Street Name guide sign (see Section 2C.45).

220. Page 2D-31, Section 2D.39, Parking Area Sign (D4-1). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.40”; under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-8) may…”.

221. Page 2D-32, Section 2D.40, PARK & RIDE Sign (D4-2). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.41”; in the Option change: “…signs may…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-8) may..”

222. Page 2D-33, Section 2D.41, Rest Area Signs (D5 Series). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.42”; under Standard, change: “…signs shall…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-9) shall…”.

223. Page 2D-33, Section 2D.42, Scenic Area Signs (D6 Series). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.43”; under Option, change: “…signs carrying…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-9) carrying”; under Guidance, change: “… Section 2D.41…” to: “… Section 2D.42…”

224. Page 2D-34. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-9. Rest Area and Scenic Overlook Signs”.

225. Page 2D-35, Section 2D.43, Weigh Station Signing (D8 Series). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.44”; under first Support, change: “… (see Section 2D.41)…” to: “… (see Section 2D.42)…”; under second Support, change: “Figure 2D-3.” to: “Figure 2D-10.”; under Option change: “…sign (Section 2B.44)…” to: “…sign (see Section 2B.44)…”

226. Page 2D-35, Section 2D.44, General Services Signs (D9 Series). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.45”; under Option, change: “…signs may…” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-11) may…”

227. Page 2D-36, Figure 2D-3, Typical Weigh Station Signing. Change the Figure number and title to: “Figure 2D-10. Example of Weigh Station Signing.”

228. Page 2D-37, Section 2D.44, General Service Signs (D9 Series). Under second Standard, change: “…Police, or Truck Parking…” to: “…Police, Electric Vehicle Charging, or Truck Parking…”

229. Page 2D-38. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-11. General Service Signs”; change the trailer camping symbol sign from: “D9-4” to: “D9-3a”; change the handicapped symbol sign from: “D9-5” to: “D9-6”; add a new D9-4 sign with an illustration of the trash receptacle symbol sign; add a new D9-11a compressed natural gas symbol sign; remove the D9-14 “POLICE” sign; and add names for all of the illustrated signs.

230. Page 2D-39, Section 2D.44, General Service Signs (D9 Series). Under first Option, in the first paragraph, change: “…(see Figure 2E-35).” to: “…(see Figure 2E-42).”; in the second paragraph, change: “…(D9-5)…” to: “…(D9-6)…”; in the fourth paragraph, change: “The Trash Receptacle Symbol (D9-4) sign…” to: “The Trash Receptacle (D9-4) sign…”; remove the last sentence: “A Road Conditions Dial 511 sign may be installed if a 511 number is available to road users for obtaining road condition information.”; insert:

A TRAVELER INFO CALL 511 (D12-5) sign (see Figure 2D-13) may be installed if a 511 traveler information services telephone number is available to road users for obtaining traffic, public transportation, weather, construction, or road condition information.

The logo of the transportation agency or the traveler information service or program that is providing the traveler information may be incorporated within the D12-5 sign either above or below the TRAVELER INFO CALL 511 legend.

Standard:

The logo of a commercial entity shall not be incorporated within the D12-5 sign.

The TRAVELER INFO CALL 511 sign shall have a white legend and border on a blue background.

Guidance:

If the logo of the transportation agency or the traveler information service or program is used, the logo’s maximum height should not exceed two times the letter height used in the legend of the sign.

After the inserted paragraphs, insert a new heading: “Option:” Before the existing last paragraph of the first Option, under the existing second (new third) Option, change: “CB Monitoring” to: “Channel 9 Monitored (D12-3).”

231. Page 2D-40, Section 2D.44, General Service Signs (D9 Series). In listed item C, change the item title from: “CB 9 Monitored” to: “Channel 9 Monitored”.

232. Page 2D-41, Section 2D.45, Reference Posts (D10-1 through D10-3). Change the Section number and title to: “Section 2D.46 Reference Location Signs (D10-1 through D10-8)”; under first Option, change: “Reference posts (D10-1 to D10-3) may be installed along any section of a highway route…” to: “Reference location (D10-1 to D10-3) signs (see Figure 2D-12) may be installed along any section or ramp of a highway route…”; under first Standard, change:

If reference posts are used, the distance numbering shall be continuous for each route within a State, except where overlaps occur. With overlapped routes, reference post continuity shall be established for only one of the routes.

If used, reference posts shall be vertical panels having a green background with 150 mm (6 in) white numerals, border, and the legend km (MILE) in 100 mm (4 in) white letters. The design details for reference posts shall be as shown in the "Standard Highway Signs" book.

to:

If reference location signs are used, the distance numbering shall be continuous for each route within a State, except where overlaps occur. Where routes overlap, reference location sign continuity shall be established for only one of the routes.

If used on conventional roads, reference location signs shall be 250 mm (10 in) wide vertical panels having a green background with 150 mm (6 in) white numerals, border, and the legend km (MILE) in 100 mm (4 in) white letters. If used on freeways or expressways, reference location signs shall be designed in accordance with the Standards contained in Section 2E.54. The design details for reference location signs shall be as shown in the "Standard Highway Signs" book.

Except where conditions limit or restrict the use of reference location signs on the right side of the roadway, reference location signs shall be installed on the right side of the roadway.

Change all occurrences of “post” to “location sign” and “posts” to “location signs”; under second Standard, change: “The reference posts for southbound and westbound roadways shall be set at locations directly opposite the posts for the northbound or eastbound roadways.” to: “The reference location signs for southbound and westbound roadways shall be set at locations directly opposite the reference location signs for the northbound or eastbound roadways.”

233. Page 2D-42. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-12. Reference Location Signs”; add metric versions of the D10-1, D10-2, and D10-3 signs; add new D10-7 and D10-8 signs with both their English and metric versions; and add a metric version of the I1-1 sign.

234. Page 2D-43, Section 2D.45, Reference Posts (D10-1 through D10-3). Under first Option, change: “post” to: “location sign”; under Guidance, change: “post” to: “location sign”; Under second Option, change:

To enhance the reference post numbering system, reference posts may be spaced at one, two, or five tenths of a kilometer (mile).

to:

To enhance the reference location sign system, intermediate reference location (D10-4 to D10-6) signs, which show the tenth of a kilometer (mile) with a decimal point, may be installed at one tenth of a kilometer (mile) intervals, or at some other regular spacing.

To further enhance the reference location sign system, enhanced reference location (D10-7) signs (see Figure 2D-12) and enhanced intermediate reference location (D10-8) signs (see Figure 2D-12) may be installed at one tenth of a kilometer (mile) intervals, or at some other regular spacing”;

Insert:

Standard:

If enhanced reference location signs or enhanced intermediate reference location signs are used, they shall be vertical panels having green backgrounds with white numerals, letters, and borders, except for the route shield which shall be the standard color and shape. The top line shall consist of the cardinal direction for the roadway. The second line shall consist of the applicable route shield for the roadway. The third line shall identify the kilometer (mile) reference for the location and the bottom line of the enhanced intermediate reference location sign shall give the tenth of a kilometer (mile) reference for the location. The bottom line of the enhanced intermediate reference location sign shall contain a decimal point.

In rural areas except where conditions limit or restrict the use of enhanced reference location signs on the right side of the roadway, enhanced reference location signs shall be installed on the right side of the roadway.

Option:

In urban areas, enhanced reference location signs or enhanced intermediate reference location signs may be installed on the right side of the roadway, in the median, or on ramps to replace or to supplement the reference location signs.

235. Page 2D-43, Section 2D.46, Traffic Signal Speed Sign (I1-1). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.47”; under Option, change: “…sign, reading…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-12), reading…”

236. Page 2D-43, Section 2D.47, General Information Signs (I Series). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.48”; under Support, change: “…signs.” to: “…signs (see Figure 2D-13).”

237. Page 2D-44, Section 2D.47, General Information Signs (I Series). At the top of the page, remove: “Adopt-a-Highway signs provide travelers with information about organizations that take responsibility for picking up litter along a section of highway”;

Following second Support, add:

Option:

State and local highway agencies may use signs to display safety or transportation-related messages such as SEAT BELTS BUCKLED? and DON’T DRINK AND DRIVE.

Guidance:

When a sign is used to display a safety or transportation-related message, the message should be simple, brief, legible, and clear.

A sign should not be used to display a safety or transportation-related message if doing so would adversely affect the efficiency of the roadway.

Standard:

When a sign is used to display a safety or transportation-related message, the display format shall not be of a type that would be considered similar to advertising displays. Messages and symbols that resemble any official traffic control device shall not be used on safety or transportation-related message signs”;

Under second Standard, change: “…political jurisdiction logos, scenic by-way logos, and Adopt-a-Highway signs…” to: “…political boundary and scenic by-way logos and signs...”

238. Page 2D-45. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2D-13. General Information Signs”; add a new D12-5 “TRAVELER INFO CALL 511” sign; and add names for all signs from I-4 to I-10.

239. Page 2D-46, Section 2D.47, General Information Signs (I Series). Under Standard, remove: “Messages, symbols, and trademarks that resemble any official traffic control device shall not be used on Adopt-a-Highway signs.”; Remove the entire second Guidance.

240. Page 2D-46, Section 2D.48, Signing of Named Highways. Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.49”.

241. Page 2D-47, Section 2D.48, Signing of Named Highways. Under Guidance, change: “…placing memorial plaques in rest areas, at scenic overlooks, or at other appropriate locations where…” to: “…placing a memorial plaque in a rest area, scenic overlook, recreational area, or other appropriate location where…”; under first Option, change: “If installation of the memorial plaque…” to: “If the installation of a memorial plaque”; remove: “provided that they are independent of other guide and directional signing and they do not adversely compromise the safety or efficiency of traffic flow.”; under the first Standard, change:

When the memorial signs are installed on the mainline instead of off-highway memorial plaques, the signing shall be limited to one sign at an appropriate location in each route direction.

to:

Where such memorial signs are installed on the mainline, (1) memorial names shall not appear on directional guide signs, (2) memorial signs shall not interfere with the placement of any other necessary highway signing, and (3) memorial signs shall not compromise the safety or efficiency of traffic flow. The memorial signing shall be limited to one sign at an appropriate location in each route direction.

Under the second Standard, put quotes around “Purpose and Policy”.

242. Page 2D-48, Section 2D.49, Trail Signs. Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.50”.

243. Page 2D-48, Section 2D.50, Crossover Signs (D13 Series). Change the Section number to: “Section 2D.51”; under Standard, change: “…sign shall…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-13) shall…”; under Guidance, change: “…beyond the median, opening either…” to: “...beyond the median opening, either…”

244. Page 2D-49, Section 2D.50, Crossover Signs (D13 Series). Under Option, change: “…sign may…” to: “…sign (see Figure 2D-13) may…”

245. Page 2D-49. Following Section 2D.50, insert new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2D.52 National Scenic Byways Marker (D6-4)”. The new section reads as follows:

Support:

The Secretary of Transportation of the U.S. DOT recognizes certain roads as National Scenic Byways or All-American Roads based on their archeological, cultural, historic, natural, recreational, or scenic qualities. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed a comprehensive marketing plan, including an associated logo, for increasing public awareness and recognition of these roads. Representatives of the nationally designated byways have embraced the logo and are incorporating it into brochures and other byways materials. The National Scenic Byways Marker includes the logo and the phrase AMERICA’S BYWAYS that must always be used together.

Option:

State and local highway agencies may install the National Scenic Byways Markers (D6-4) at entrance points to a route that has been recognized by the Secretary of Transportation of the U.S. DOT as a National Scenic Byway or an All-American road. The D6-4 marker may be installed on route marker assemblies (see Figure 2D-14) or as part of larger roadside structures. National Scenic Byways Markers may also be installed at periodic intervals along the designated route and at intersections where the designated route turns or follows a different numbered highway. At locations where roadside features have been developed to enhance the traveler’s experience such as rest areas, historic sites, interpretive facilities, or scenic overlooks, the National Scenic Byways Marker may be placed on the associated sign assembly (see Figure 2D-14) to inform travelers that the site contributes to the byway travel experience.

Standard:

When a National Scenic Byways Marker is installed on a route that has been recognized by the Secretary of Transportation of the U.S. DOT as a National Scenic Byway or an All-American Road, the design shown for the D6-4 marker on Figure 2D-14 shall be used. Use of this design shall be limited to routes that have been designated by the Secretary of Transportation of the U.S. DOT.

If used, the D6-4 marker shall be placed such that the roadway route markers have primary visibility for the road user.

246. Page 2D-49. Following Section 2D.50, insert a new Figure numbered and titled: “Figure 2D-14. Examples of Use of the National Scenic Byways Marker” showing the D6-4 National Scenic Byways marker and four examples of mounting it with other signs.

247. Page 2E-1, Section 2E.01, Scope of Freeway and Expressway Guide Sign Standards. Under Support, change: “The requirements and specifications for expressway signing exceed those for conventional roads (Chapter 2D),” to: “The requirements and specifications for expressway signing exceed those for conventional roads (see Chapter 2D),”.

248. Page 2E-3, Section 2E.05, Retroreflectorization or Illumination. Change the Section title to: “Section 2E.05 Retroreflection or Illumination”; under Standard, change: “The background of all signs that are not independently illuminated shall be retroreflectorized.” to: “The background of all guide signs that are not independently illuminated shall be retroreflective.”

249. Page 2E-4, Section 2E.06, Characteristics of Urban Signing. Under Support, Item B, change: “Use of sign spreading to the maximum extent possible (see Section 2E.11)” to: “Use of sign spreading to the maximum extent possible (see Section 2E.10).”

250. Page 2E-6, Section 2E.10, Number of Signs at an Overhead Installation. Change Section title to: “Section 2E.10 Number of Signs at an Overhead Installation and Sign Spreading”. Following Option, add (moved from Page 2E-6, Section 2E.11, Sign Spreading and Pull-Through Signs):

Support:

Sign spreading is a concept where major overhead signs are spaced so that road users are not overloaded with a group of signs at a single location. Figure 2E-1 illustrates an example of sign spreading.”; following the new Support, add (moved from Page 2E-6, Section 2E.11, Sign Spreading and Pull-Through Signs):

Guidance:

Where overhead signing is used, sign spreading should be used at all single exit interchanges and to the extent possible at multiexit interchanges. Sign spreading should be accomplished by use of the following:

A. The Exit Direction sign should be the only sign used in the vicinity of the gore (other than the Gore sign). It should be located overhead near the theoretical gore and generally on an overhead sign support structure.

B. The Advance Guide sign to indicate the next interchange exit should be placed near the crossroad location. If the crossroad goes over the mainline, the Advance Guide sign should be placed on the overcrossing structure.

251. Page 2E-6, Section 2E.11, Sign Spreading and Pull-Through Signs. Change the Section title to: “Section 2E.11 Pull-Through Signs”; Remove the following text from this Section and move it to Section 2E.10:

Support:

Guidance:

Under Guidance, make Item C into a paragraph; remove Item lettering, and change:

Pull-Through signs should be used only when the geometrics of a given interchange are such that it is not clear to the road user as to which is the through roadway, or where additional route guidance is desired. Pull-Through signs with down arrows should be used when the alignment and number of through lanes is not readily evident.

to:

Pull-Through signs should be used where the geometrics of a given interchange are such that it is not clear to the road user as to which is the through roadway, or where additional route guidance is desired. Pull-Through signs with down arrows should be used where the alignment of the through lanes is curved and the exit direction is straight ahead, where the number of through lanes is not readily evident, and at multilane exits.

252. Page 2E-13, Table 2E-2. Minimum Letter and Numeral Sizes for Expressway Guide Signs According to Sign Type, Sheet 2 of 2. In the left-hand column, in the second row, change “Reference Posts” to “Reference Location Signs”.

253. Page 2E-14, Table 2E-3. Minimum Letter and Numeral Sizes for Freeway Guide Signs According to Interchange Classification (sizes shown in millimeters). In the row for “Action Message Word” add the following values in columns 2 through 6 respectively: “300/250”, “300/250”. “250”, “200”, “250”; and add a final row to the table: “Numeral & Letter, 375, 375, 375, 250, --“.

254. Page 2E-15, Table 2E-3. Minimum Letter and Numeral Sizes for Freeway Guide Signs According to Interchange Classification (sizes shown in inches). In the row for “Action Message Word” add the following values in columns 2 through 6 respectively: “12/10”, “12/10”. “10”, “8”, “10”.

255. Page 2E-17, Table 2E-4, Minimum Letter and Numeral Sizes for Freeway Guide Signs According to Sign Type, (Sheet 2 of 2). In the left-hand column, in the second row, change: “Reference Posts” to: “Reference Location Signs”.

256. Page 2E-18, Section 2E.16, Abbreviations. Under Guidance, change: “Periods should not be used, except when a cardinal direction is abbreviated as part of a destination name.” to: “Periods should not be used unless a cardinal direction is abbreviated as part of a destination name.”

257. Page 2E-19, Section 2E.18, Arrows for Interchange Guide Signs. Under Support, change: “Examples of arrows for use on guide signs are shown in Figure 2D-1. Detailed dimensions of arrows are provided in the "Standard Highway Signs" book.” to: “Examples of arrows for use on guide signs are shown in Figure 2D-2. Detailed dimensions of arrows are provided in the "Standard Highway Signs" book.”

258. Page 2E-20, Section 2E.19, Diagrammatic Signs. Under Standard, Item A, change: “The graphic legend shall be of a plan view showing a simplified off-ramp arrangement.” to: “The graphic legend shall be of a plan view showing the off-ramp arrangement, or showing each individual lane arrangement (see Figure 2E-3).”

259. Page 2E-21, Figure 2E-3, Diagrammatic Sign for a Single-Lane Left Exit. Remove the “EXIT 13” exit sign panel and the word “Optional” from the figure; add a new optional exit sign panel design with one arrow for each approach lane at the bottom of the page.

260. Page 2E-22, Section 2E.19, Diagrammatic Signs. Under Guidance, Item E, change: “Left exit interchange lane drop situations. In this situation, an EXIT ONLY (E11-1c) panel should be used without a down arrow for advance guide signs (see Figure 2E-8).” to: “Left exit interchange lane drop situations. In this situation, an EXIT ONLY (E11-1c) panel should be used without a down arrow for Advance Guide signs (see Figure 2E-8).”

261. Page 2E-22, Section 2E.20, Signing for Interchange Lane Drops. Under Guidance, change:

The EXIT ONLY (E11-1) panel should be used on all signing of lane drops on all Advance Guide signs for right exits (see Figure 2E-9). For lane drops on the left side, diagrammatic signing with the EXIT ONLY (E11-1c) panel should be used without a down arrow for Advance Guide signs (see Figure 2E-8).”

to:

The EXIT ONLY (down arrow) (E11-1) panel (see Figure 2E-9) should be used on all signing of lane drops on all Advance Guide signs for right exits (see Figure 2E-10). For lane drops on the left side, diagrammatic signing with the EXIT ONLY (E11-1c) panel (see Figure 2E-9) should be used without a down arrow for Advance Guide signs (see Figure 2E-8).

Under second Standard, change: “The Exit Direction (E11-1a) sign for all lane drops shall be of the format shown in Figure 2E-8. The standard slanted up arrow (left or right side) shall be used with the EXIT ONLY (E11-1) panel at the Exit Direction sign location.” to: “The Exit Direction sign and E11-1a panel shall be of the format shown in Figure 2E-8 for all lane drops. The standard slanted up arrow (left or right side) shall be included on the Exit Direction sign.”

262. Page 2E-23. Figure 2E-4, Diagrammatic Signs for Split with Dedicated Lanes. Add a ground mounted exit number sign between the split roadways; add “LEFT” to all of the exit number sign panels.

263. Page 2E-24, Figure 2E-5, Diagrammatic Signs for Split with Optional Lane. Add a ground mounted exit number sign between the split roadways.

264. Page 2E-27, Figure 2E-8, EXIT ONLY on Left with Diagrammatic Sign for Left Lane Dropped at Interchange. In the figure title change: “…Dropped at Interchange” to: “…Dropped at an Interchange”; add “LEFT” to all of the exit number sign panels.

265. Page 2E-28. Add a Figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2E-9. EXIT ONLY Panels”.

266. Page 2E-29, Figure 2E-9, EXIT ONLY Panels for Right Lane Dropped at an Interchange. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-10.”

267. Page 2E-30, Section 2E-20, Signing for Interchange Lane Drops. Under Standard, change: “If used on an existing sign, the E11-1b panel shall be placed on either side of a white down arrow.” to: “If used on an existing sign, the E11-1b panel (see Figure 2E-9) shall be placed on either side of a white down arrow.”

268. Page 2E-33, Section 2E-24, Guide Sign Classification. Under Support, Item J, change: “Reference Posts (see Section 2E.54)” to: “Reference Location signs (see Section 2E.54)”; under Items L, M and N, change “signs” to “signing”; under Item P change: “Recreation and Cultural Interest signs (see Chapter 2H)” to: “Recreation and Cultural Interest Area signs (see Chapter 2H)”.

269. Page 2E-33, Section 2E.25, Route Signs and Trailblazer Assemblies. Under Guidance, change: “Route signs should be…” to: “Route signs (see Figure 2E-11) should be…”

270. Page 2E-34. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images : “Figure 2E-11. Interstate and U.S. Route Signs”.

271. Page 2E-35, Section 2E.26, Signs for Intersections at Grade. Under Guidance change: “If there are intersections at grade within the limits of an expressway, sign types specified in Chapter 2D should be used.” to: “If there are intersections at grade within the limits of an expressway, guide sign types specified in Chapter 2D should be used.”

272. Page 2E-36, Section 2E.27, Interchange Guide Signs. Under Guidance, change: “Reference should be made to Section 2E.11 and Sections 2E.30 through 2E.39 for a detailed description of the signs…” to: “Reference should be made to Section 2E.10 and Sections 2E.30 through 2E.39 for a detailed description of the signs.”

273. Page 2E-36, Section 2E.28, Interchange Exit Numbering. Under Standard, change:

“The standard exit number plaque shall include the word EXIT, the appropriate exit number, and the suffix letter A or B (on multiexit interchanges) in a single-line format on a plaque 750 mm (30 in) in height.” to: “The standard exit number plaque shall include the word EXIT, the appropriate exit number, and the suffix letter A or B (on multiexit interchanges) separated from the exit number by a space in a single-line format on a plaque 750 mm (30 in) in height.”; under Option, change: “There are two approaches to interchange exit numbering that the State and local highway agencies may use: (1) reference post numbering or (2) consecutive numbering.” to: “There are two approaches to interchange exit numbering that the State and local highway agencies may use: (1) reference location sign numbering or (2) consecutive numbering.”; under the second Support change:

Reference post exit numbering is preferred over consecutive exit numbering for two reasons: (1) if new interchanges are added to a route, the highway agencies do not have to change the numbering sequence; and (2) reference post numbering assists road users in determining their destination distances and travel mileage.

to:

Reference location sign exit numbering is preferred over consecutive exit numbering for two reasons: (1) if new interchanges are added to a route, the highway agencies do not have to change the numbering sequence; and (2) reference location sign numbering assists road users in determining their destination distances and travel mileage.

274. Page 2E-37, Section 2E.28, Interchange Exit Numbering. At the end of the first Guidance, add: “Because road users might not expect a left exit and might have difficulty in maneuvering to the left, the word LEFT should be added to the exit number plaque (see Figure 2E-3).”; under Option, change: “The word LEFT may be added to the exit number plaque (see Figure 2E-3).” to: “The portion of the exit number plaque containing the word LEFT may have a black legend and border on a yellow background.”; under Support, change: “The general plan for numbering interchange exits is shown in Figures 2E-10 through 2E-12.” to: “The general plan for numbering interchange exits is shown in Figures 2E-12 through 2E-14.”; change: “Details of typical exit number plaque designs are shown in Figures 2E-3 and 2E-13. Figures 2E-1, 2E-18, 2E-21, 2E-25 through 2E-30, and 2E-34 illustrate the incorporation of exit number plaques on guide signs.” to: “Details of typical exit number plaque designs are shown in Figures 2E-3 and 2E-15. Figures 2E-1, 2E-20, 2E-23, 2E-27 through 2E-32, and 2E-41 illustrate the incorporation of exit number plaques on guide signs.”; under Standard, in the second paragraph, after the first sentence, change:

The numbering shall begin with the first interchange west of the south end of an imaginary north-south line bisecting the circumferential route, at a radial freeway or other Interstate route, or some other conspicuous landmark in the circumferential route near a south polar location (see Figure 2E-10). The interchange numbers on loop routes shall begin at the loop interchange nearest the south or west mainline junction and increase in magnitude toward the north or east mainline junction (see Figure 2E-11). Spur route interchanges shall be numbered in ascending order starting at the interchange where the spur leaves the mainline of the principal route (see Figure 2E-11).

to:

The numbering shall begin with the first interchange west of the south end of an imaginary north-south line bisecting the circumferential route, at a radial freeway or other Interstate route, or some other conspicuous landmark in the circumferential route near a south polar location (see Figure 2E-12). The interchange numbers on loop routes shall begin at the loop interchange nearest the south or west mainline junction and increase in magnitude toward the north or east mainline junction (see Figure 2E-13). Spur route interchanges shall be numbered in ascending order starting at the interchange where the spur leaves the mainline of the principal route (see Figure 2E-13).

Under Standard, in the third paragraph, change: “Where numbered routes overlap, continuity of interchange numbering shall be established for only one of the routes (see Figure 2E-12). If one of the routes is an Interstate, the Interstate route shall maintain continuity of interchange numbering.”; to: “Where numbered routes overlap, continuity of interchange numbering shall be established for only one of the routes (see Figure 2E-14). If one of the routes is an Interstate, the Interstate route shall maintain continuity of interchange numbering.”; under Guidance, change: “The route chosen for continuity of interchange numbering should also have reference post continuity (see Figure 2E-12).” to: “The route chosen for continuity of interchange numbering should also have reference location sign continuity (see Figure 2E-14).”

275. Page 2E-38. Figure 2E-10, Typical Interchange Numbering for Mainline and Circumferential Routes. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-12”; in the figure title, change “Typical” to “Examples of”; in the Legend, change “REFERENCE POST” to “REFERENCE LOCATION SIGN.”

276. Page 2E-39, Figure 2E-11, Typical Interchange Numbering for Mainline, Loop, and Spur Routes. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-13”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; in the Legend, change: “REFERENCE POST” to: “REFERENCE LOCATION SIGN.”

277. Page 2E-40, Figure 2E-12, Typical Interchange Numbering if Routes Overlap. Change the Figure number from: “2E-12” to: “2E-14”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; in the Legend, change: “REFERENCE POST” to: “REFERENCE LOCATION SIGN.”

278. Page 2E-41, Section 2E.29, Interchange Classification. Under Support, Item A, change:

Major interchanges are subdivided into two categories: (a) interchanges with other expressways or freeways, or (b) interchanges, other than those named in (a), with high-volume multilane highways, principal urban arterials, and major rural routes where the volume of interchanging traffic is heavy or includes many road users unfamiliar with the area

to:

Major interchanges are subdivided into two categories: (a) interchanges with other expressways or freeways, or (b) interchanges with high-volume multilane highways, principal urban arterials, or major rural routes where the volume of interchanging traffic is heavy or includes many road users unfamiliar with the area.

Under Item B, change: “Intermediate interchanges are those with urban and rural routes not in the category of major or minor interchanges as defined herein.” to: “Intermediate interchanges are those with urban and rural routes not in the category of major or minor interchanges.”

279. Page 2E.41, Section 2E.30, Advance Guide Signs. Under Support, change: “…and the distance to that interchange (see Figure 2E-13).” to: “…and the distance to that interchange (see Figure 2E-15).”

280. Page 2E-42, Figure 2E-13, Typical Interchange Advance Guide Signs. Change: the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-15”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; add an “EXIT 44” sign panel to the E1-1 sign; change: “E1-2” sign number under the “Lincoln Ave EXIT ½ MILE” sign to: “E1-2a.”

281. Page 2E-43, Section 2E.31, Next Exit Supplemental Signs. Under first Option, change: “…Next Exit supplemental signs may be installed to inform road users of the distance to the next interchange (see Figure 2E-14).” to: “…Next Exit supplemental signs may be installed to inform road users of the distance to the next interchange (see Figure 2E-16).”

282. Page 2E-44, Figure 2E-14, Next Exit Supplemental Advance Guide Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-16”.

283. Page 2E-45, Section 2E.32, Other Supplemental Guide Signs. Under Guidance, change: “A Supplemental Guide sign (see Figure 2E-15) should not list…” to: “A Supplemental Guide sign (see Figure 2E-17) should not list…”; under Standard, change: “Guide signs directing drivers to park and ride facilities shall be considered as Supplemental Guide signs (see Figures 2E-16 and 2E-17).” to: “Guide signs directing drivers to park and ride facilities shall be considered as Supplemental Guide signs (see Figures 2E-18 and 2E-19).”

284. Page 2E-45, Section 2E.33, Exit Direction Signs. Under Standard, change: “Exit Direction signs shall be used…” to: “Exit Direction signs (see Figure 2E-20) shall be used…”

285. Page 2E-46, Figure 2E-15, Supplemental Guide Signs for Multiexit Interchanges. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-17”.

286. Page 2E-46, Figure 2E-16, Supplemental Guide Signs for Park and Ride Facility (Route without Exit Numbering. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-18”.

287. Page 2E-47, Figure 2E-17, Supplemental Guide Signs for Park and Ride Facility (Route with Exit Numbering. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-19”.

288. Page 2E-47, Figure 2E-18, Interchange Exit Direction Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-20.”

289. Page 2E-48, Section 2E.33, Exit Direction Signs. Under Standard, change: “Where a through lane is being terminated (dropped) at an exit, the Exit Direction sign shall be placed overhead at the theoretical gore (see Figures 2E-8 and 2E-9).” to: “Where a through lane is being terminated (dropped) at an exit, the Exit Direction sign shall be placed overhead at the theoretical gore (see Figures 2E-8 and 2E-10).”; under Item A, change: “The sign shall carry the exit number (if used), the route number, cardinal direction, and destination with an appropriate upward slanting arrow (see Figure 2E-18).” to: “The sign shall carry the exit number (if used), the route number, cardinal direction, and destination with an appropriate upward slanting arrow (see Figure 2E-20).”

290. Page 2E-49, Section 2E.34, Exit Gore Signs. Under Support, change: “The Exit sign in the gore indicates the place of departure...” to: “The Exit sign in the gore indicates the exiting point or the place of departure…”; also remove last sentence of the Support; remove first “Guidance” heading, and move text to become second paragraph of the second Guidance. Under first Standard, change: “The sign shall carry the word EXIT or EXIT XX (if interchange numbering is used) and an appropriate upward slanting arrow (see Figure 2E-19).” to: “The sign shall carry the word EXIT or EXIT XX (if interchange numbering is used) and an appropriate upward slanting arrow (see Figure 2E-21)”; after the last Guidance, add a new Option: “A panel indicating the advisory speed may be mounted below the Exit sign (see Figure 2E.19).”

291. Page 2E-50. Figure 2E-19. Exit Gore Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-21”; add a black legend and border on yellow background “35 M.P.H.” panel beneath the E5-1a sign with an accompanying note “(Optional Panel)”.

292. Page 2E-51. Figure 2E-20. Post-Interchange Distance Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-22.”

293. Page 2E-51, Section 2E.36, Distance Signs. Under Standard, change: “…or if there is no community, the route number or name of the intersected highway (see Figure 2E-20).” to: “…or if there is no community, the route number or name of the intersected highway (see Figure 2E-22).”

294. Page 2E-52, Section 2E.37, Interchange Sequence Signs. Under Support, change: “Signing of this type is illustrated in Figures 2E-21 and 2E-22, and is compatible with the sign spreading concept.” to: “Signing of this type is illustrated in Figures 2E-23 and 2E-24, and is compatible with the sign spreading concept.”; change: “These signs are installed in a series and display the next two or three interchanges by name or route number with distances to the nearest 400 m (0.25 mile).” to: “These signs are installed in a series and display the next two or three interchanges by name or route number with distances to the nearest 400 m (1/4 mile)”.

295. Page 2E-53, Figure 2E-21, Signing of Closely Spaced Interchanges Using Interchange Sequence Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-23”; remove the periods after: “St.”, “Ave.” and “Rd.” on the sign panel images; change: “RP 21, RP 22, and RP 23” to: “RLS 21, RLS 22, and RLS 23”.

296. Page 2E-54, Figure 2E-22, Interchange Sequence Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-24.”

297. Page 2E-54, Figure 2E-23, Community Interchanges Identification Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-25”.

298. Page 2E-54, Figure 2E-24, NEXT EXITS Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-26”.

299. Page 2E-55, Section 2E.38, Community Interchanges Identification Signs. Under Support, change: “For suburban or rural communities served by two or three interchanges, Community Interchanges Identification signs are useful (see Figure 2E-23).” to: “For suburban or rural communities served by two or three interchanges, Community Interchanges Identification signs are useful (see Figure 2E-25).”

300. Page 2E-56, Section 2E.39, NEXT EXITS Sign. Under Option, change: “Such regions or areas may be indicated by a NEXT X EXITS sign (see Figure 2E-24) located in advance of the Advance Guide sign or signs for the first interchange.” to: “Such regions or areas may be indicated by a NEXT X EXITS sign (see Figure 2E-26) located in advance of the Advance Guide sign or signs for the first interchange.”

301. Page 2E-56, Section 2E.40, Signing by Type of Interchange. Under Support, change: “Figures 2E-25 through 2E-30 show applications of guide signs for common types of interchanges.” to: “Figures 2E-27 through 2E-32 show applications of guide signs for common types of interchanges.”; under the Guidance, change:

The signing layout for all interchanges having only one exit ramp in the direction of travel should be similar, regardless of the interchange type (see Figures 2E-8, 2E-9, and Figures 2E-25 through 2E-30). For the sake of uniform application, the significant features of the signing plan for each of the more frequent kinds of interchanges (illustrated in Figures 2E-25 through 2E-30) should be followed as closely as possible. Even when unusual geometric features exist, variations in signing layout should be held to a minimum.

to:

The signing layout for all interchanges having only one exit ramp in the direction of travel should be similar, regardless of the interchange type (see Figures 2E-8, 2E-10, and Figures 2E-27 through 2E-32). For the sake of uniform application, the significant features of the signing plan for each of the more frequent kinds of interchanges (illustrated in Figures 2E-27 through 2E-32) should be followed as closely as possible. Even when unusual geometric features exist, variations in signing layout should be held to a minimum.

302. Page 2E-57, Section 2E.41, Freeway-to-Freeway Interchange. Under Support, change: “Figure 2E-25 shows typical applications of guide signs at a freeway-to-freeway interchange.” to: “Figure 2E-27 shows typical applications of guide signs at a freeway-to-freeway interchange.”

303. Page 2E-58, Figure 2E-25. Typical Freeway-to-Freeway Interchange Guide Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-27”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

304. Page 2E-59, Section 2E.42, Cloverleaf Interchange. Under Support, change: “Typical application of guide signs for cloverleaf interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-26.” to: “Typical application of guide signs for cloverleaf interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-28”; under Standard, change: “…on the Advance Guide sign for the second exit, as shown in Figure 2E-26.” to: “…on the Advance Guide sign for the second exit, as shown in Figure 2E-28”; under Option, change: “As shown in Figure 2E-26, the overhead Exit Direction sign for the second exit may be mounted on the structure…” to: “As shown in Figure 2E-28, the overhead Exit Direction sign for the second exit may be mounted on the structure…”

305. Page 2E-60, Figure 2E-26, Typical Guide Signs for Full Cloverleaf Interchange. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-28”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; on “EXIT 102B” Ottawa sign panel replace the down arrow with “1/4 MILE.”

306. Page 2E-61, Section 2E.44, Partial Cloverleaf Interchange. Under Support, change: “Typical application of guide signs for partial cloverleaf interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-27.” to: “Typical application of guide signs for partial cloverleaf interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-29.”; under Guidance, change: “As shown in Figure 2E-27, the overhead Exit Direction sign…” to “As shown in Figure 2E-29, the overhead Exit Direction sign…”

307. Page 2E-61, Section 2E.45, Diamond Interchange. Under Support, change: “Typical application of guide signs for diamond interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-28.” to: “Typical application of guide signs for diamond interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-30.”

308. Page 2E-62, Figure 2E-27, Typical Partial Cloverleaf Interchange Guide Signs. Change the figure number to: “Figure 2E-29”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

309. Page 2E-63, Figure 2E-28, Typical Diamond Interchange Guide Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-30”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; remove the optional arrow sign from beneath the “JCT 47” sign; change: “South” to “SOUTH” on the Marion sign image in the interchange.

310. Page 2E-64, Section 2E.46, Urban Diamond Interchange. Under Support, change: “A typical application of guide signs for diamond interchanges in an urban area is shown in Figure 2E-29.” to: “A typical application of guide signs for diamond interchanges in an urban area is shown in Figure 2E-31.”

311. Page 2E-65, Figure 2E-29, Typical Urban Diamond Interchange Guide Signs. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-31”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; remove the optional arrow sign from beneath the “JCT 74” sign; change: “West” to: “WEST” on the Liberty sign image.

312. Page 2E-66, Section 2E.47, Closely Spaced Interchanges. Under Guidance, change: “When used, they should identify and show street names and distances for the next two or three exits as shown in Figure 2E-21.” to: “When used, they should identify and show street names and distances for the next two or three exits as shown in Figure 2E-23.”

313. Page 2E-66, Section 2E.48, Minor Interchange. Under Support, change: “A typical application of guide signs for minor interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-30.” to: “A typical application of guide signs for minor interchanges is shown in Figure 2E-32.”

314. Page 2E-67, Figure 2E-30, Typical Minor Interchange Guide Signs. Change Figure number to: “Figure 2-32”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

315. Page 2E-68, Section 2E.49, Approaches and Connecting Roadways. Change Section title to: “Section 2E.49 Signing of Approaches and Connecting Roadways”; remove the existing text in its entirety and replace it with the following:

Support:

Because there are a number of different ramp configurations that are commonly used at interchanges with conventional roads, drivers on the conventional road cannot reliably predict whether they will be required to turn left or right in order to enter the correct ramp to access the freeway or expressway in the desired direction of travel. Consistently applied signing for conventional road approaches to freeway or expressway interchanges is highly desirable.

Guidance:

The signing of conventional roads with one lane of traffic approaching an interchange should consist of a sequence containing the following signs (see Figure 2E-33):

A. Junction Assembly

B. Destination sign

C. Entrance Direction sign for the first ramp

D. Advance Turn Assembly

E. Directional Assembly or Entrance Direction sign for the second ramp

Standard:

If used, the Entrance Direction sign shall consist of a white legend on a green background. It shall contain the freeway or expressway route shield(s), cardinal direction, and directional arrow(s).

Option:

The Entrance Direction sign may contain a destination(s) and/or an action message such as NEXT RIGHT.

At minor interchanges, the following sequence of signs may be used (see Figure 2E-34):

A. Junction Assembly

B. Directional Assembly for the first ramp

C. Directional Assembly for the second ramp

Guidance:

On conventional roads with more than one lane of traffic approaching an interchange, the sign sequence should contain the following signs (see Figures 2E-35, 2E-36, and 2E-37):

A. Junction Assembly

B. Advance Entrance sign(s) for both directions (if applicable) of travel on the freeway or expressway

C. Entrance Direction sign for first ramp

D. Advance Turn Assembly

E. Entrance Direction sign for the second ramp.

Support:

Advance Entrance signs are used to direct road users to the appropriate lane(s).

Standard:

The Advance Entrance sign shall consist of a white legend on a green background. It shall contain the freeway or expressway route shield(s) and cardinal direction(s).

Option:

The Advance Entrance sign may have destinations, directional arrows, and/or an action message such as LEFT LANE, NEXT LEFT, or SECOND RIGHT. Signs in this sequence may be mounted overhead to improve visibility.”

316. Page 2E-68, Section 2E.49. Add five new figures as part of this revised section: “Figure 2E-33. Example of Signing for Single-Lane Approach”, “Figure 2E-34. Example of Minor Interchange Signing”, “Figure 2E-35. Examples of Multilane Crossroad Signing for Diamond Interchange”, “Figure 2E-36. Examples of Multilane Crossroad Signing for Partial Cloverleaf Interchange”, and “Figure 2E-37. Examples of Multilane Crossroad Signing for Cloverleaf Interchange”.

317. Page 2E-68, Section 2E.50, Wrong-Way Traffic Control at Interchange Ramps. Under Standard, change: “…the following signs shall be used (see Figure 2E-31):” to: “…the following signs shall be used (see Figure 2E-38):”

318. Page 2E-69, Figure 2E-31, Typical Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at Exit Ramp Termination to Deter Wrong-Way Entry. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-38”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

319. Page 2E-69, Section 2E.50, Wrong-Way Traffic Control at Interchange Ramps. Under Guidance, Item B, change: “…a lane-use arrow should be placed in each lane of an exit ramp near the crossroad terminal where it will be clearly visible to a potential wrong-way road user (see Figure 2E-31.)” to: “…a lane-use arrow should be placed in each lane of an exit ramp near the crossroad terminal where it will be clearly visible to a potential wrong-way road user (see Figure 2E-38.)”; under the Option, Item C, change: “Slender, elongated wrong-way arrow pavement markings (see Figure 3B-20) intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction may be placed upstream from the ramp terminus, as shown in Figure 2E-31,…” to: “Slender, elongated wrong-way arrow pavement markings (see Figure 3B-21) intended primarily to warn wrong-way road users that they are going in the wrong direction may be placed upstream from the ramp terminus, as shown in Figure 2E-38,...”

320. Page 2E-70, Figure 2E-32, Typical Regulatory Signing and Pavement Markings at Entrance Ramp Terminal Where Design Does Not Clearly Indicate the Direction of Flow. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-39”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

321. Page 2E-70, Section 2E.50, Wrong-Way Traffic Control at Interchange Ramps. Under Guidance, change: “…a ONE WAY sign visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and through roadway should be placed on each side of the through roadway near the entrance ramp merging point as illustrated in Figure 2E-32.” to: “…a ONE WAY sign visible to traffic on the entrance ramp and through roadway should be placed on each side of the through roadway near the entrance ramp merging point as illustrated in Figure 2E-39.”; under Support, change: “Sections 2A.24 and 2B.30 contain further information on signing to avoid wrong-way movements at at-grade intersections on expressways.” to: “Section 2B.30 contains further information on signing to avoid wrong-way movements at at-grade intersections on expressways.”

322. Page 2E-71, Section 2E.51, General Service Signs. Under Option change: “If interchanges are not numbered, an action message such as NEXT RIGHT or SECOND RIGHT may be used (see Figure 2E-33).” to: “If interchanges are not numbered, an action message such as NEXT RIGHT or SECOND RIGHT may be used (see Figure 2E-40).”

323. Page 2E-72, Figure 2E-33, Typical General Service Signs (without Exit Numbering). Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-40”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

324. Page 2E-72, Figure 2E-34, Typical General Service Signs (with Exit Numbering). Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-41”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

325. Page 2E-72, Figure 2E-35, Example of Next Services Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-42”; in the figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of”.

326. Page 2E-72, Figure 2E-36, Typical Rest Area Gore Sign. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 2E-43”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of”.

327. Page 2E-73, Section 2E.51, General Service Signs. Under Guidance, Item B2, change: “Continuous operation to serve three meals per day, at least 6 days per week…” to: “Continuous operation to serve at least two meals per day, at least 6 days per week

328. Page 2E-74, Section 2E.51, General Service Signs. Under first Guidance, change: “The General Service sign should contain the interchange number, if any, as illustrated in Figure 2E-34.” to: “The General Service sign should contain the interchange number, if any, as illustrated in Figure 2E-41.”; under the Option, change: “If the distance to the next point where services are available is greater than 16 km (10 miles), a sign NEXT SERVICES XX KM (XX MILES), shown in Figure 2E-35, may be used…” to: “If the distance to the next point where services are available is greater than 16 km (10 miles), a sign NEXT SERVICES XX KM (XX MILES), shown in Figure 2E-42, may be used”; under the second Standard, change: “Signs for services shall conform to the format for General Service signs (see Section 2D.44) and as specified herein.” to: “Signs for services shall conform to the format for General Service signs (see Section 2D.45) and as specified herein.”; under second Guidance, change: “If used, HOSPITAL and CAMPING should be on separate lines (see Figure 2E-34).” to: “If used, HOSPITAL and CAMPING should be on separate lines (see Figure 2E-41).”

329. Page 2E-76, Section 2E.52, Rest and Scenic Area Signs. Under Guidance, change: Signing for rest areas and scenic areas should conform to the provisions set forth in Sections 2D.41 and 2D.42.” to: “Signing for rest areas and scenic areas should conform to the provisions set forth in Sections 2D.42 and 2D.43”; under Standard, change: “At the rest area exit gore, there shall be a sign with a message REST AREA together with an arrow indicating the appropriate turn as shown in Figure 2E-36.” to: “At the rest area exit gore, there shall be a sign with a message REST AREA together with an arrow indicating the appropriate turn as shown in Figure 2E-43.”; under Option, change: “If the rest area has facilities for the physically impaired (see Section 2D.44),…” to: “If the rest area has facilities for the physically impaired (see Section 2D.45),...”

330. Page 2E-77, Section 2E.53, Tourist Information and Welcome Centers. Change the Section title to: “Section 2E.53 Tourist Information and Welcome Center Signs”.

331. Pages 2E-78 and 2E-79, Section 2E.54, Reference Posts. Change the Section title to: “Section 2E.54 Reference Location Signs”; under Standard, in the first paragraph, change:

Reference posts shall be placed on all freeway facilities. Reference posts shall also be placed on expressway facilities that are located on a route where there is reference post continuity. Reference posts shall conform to the general provisions for reference posts contained in Section 2D.45. These signs shall contain 250 mm (10 in) white numerals on 300 mm (12 in) wide vertical green panels with a white border. Panels shall be 600, 900, or 1200 mm (24, 36, or 48 in) in length for one, two, or three digits, respectively, and shall contain the abbreviation KM (MILE).

to:

Reference location signs (see Figure 2D-12) shall be placed on all freeway facilities. Reference location signs shall also be placed on expressway facilities that are located on a route where there is reference location sign continuity. Reference location signs shall conform to the general provisions for reference location signs contained in Section 2D.46. When placed on freeways or expressways, these signs (D10-1 through D10-3) shall contain 250 mm (10 in) white numerals on 300 mm (12 in) wide vertical green panels with a white border. Panels shall be 600, 900, or 1200 mm (24, 36, or 48 in) in length for one, two, or three digits, respectively, and shall contain the abbreviation KM (MILE) in 100 mm (4 in) white letters”

Under Standard, in the second paragraph change: “Reference posts located in line with delineator posts shall have the bottom of the sign at the same height as the delineator.” to: “Reference location signs located in line with delineator posts shall have the bottom of the sign at the same height as the delineator.”

332. Page 2E-79, Section 2E.54, Reference Posts. Under Guidance, change: “On a route without reference post continuity…” to: “On a route without reference location sign continuity…”; under Option, change: “Reference posts may be placed…” to: “Reference location signs may be placed…”; under Option at the end, add a paragraph “Intermediate (D10-4 through D10-6) and enhanced (D10-7, D10-8) reference location signs may also be used on freeways and expressways (see Section 2D.46).”

333. Page 2E-79, Section 2E.55, Miscellaneous Guide Signs. Under Support, change: “Miscellaneous Guide signs are used to point out geographical features, such as rivers and summits, and other jurisdictional boundaries (see Section 2D.47).” to: “Miscellaneous Guide signs are used to point out geographical features, such as rivers and summits, and other jurisdictional boundaries (see Section 2D.48).”

334. Page 2E-81, Section 2E.56, Radio Information Signing. Under Option, change: “A Channel 9 Monitored (D12-3) sign or cell phone sign may be installed as needed.” to:“A Channel 9 Monitored (D12-3) sign or cellular phone sign may be installed as needed.”; following Standard, add:

Option:

Standard:

The logo of a commercial entity shall not be incorporated within the D12-5 sign.

The TRAVELER INFO CALL 511 sign shall have a white legend and border on a blue background.

335. Page 2E-81, Section 2E.57, Carpool Information Signing. At the end of the Option, add a second paragraph: “Carpool Information signs may include Internet addresses or telephone numbers within the legend.”; under Standard, change: “…the maximum vertical dimensions of the logo or symbol shall not exceed 900 mm (36 in).” to: “…the maximum vertical dimension of the logo or symbol shall not exceed 450 mm (18 in).”

336. Page 2E-81, Section 2E.58, Weigh Station Signing. Under Standard, change: “Weigh Station signing on freeways and expressways shall be the same as that specified in Section 2D.43,..” to: “Weigh Station signing on freeways and expressways shall be the same as that specified in Section 2D.44,…”

337. Page 2E-81. Following Section 2E-58, add a new Section numbered and titled: “Section 2E. 59 High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Signs”. The new Section reads:

Standard:

A combination of guide and regulatory signs shall be used in advance of all High-Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. The advance guide signs for HOV lanes shall be consistent with the requirements of Section 2E.30.

Reversible flow or express lanes that do not have any specific vehicle occupancy or designation restrictions shall be consistent with the requirements of Chapters 2B and 3B.

Guidance:

Because consistency in signing and pavement markings for HOV lanes within a State or metropolitan area plays a critical role in building public awareness, understanding, and acceptance, and makes enforcement more effective, an engineering study should be conducted to determine the appropriate combinations of overhead signs, ground-mounted signs, and pavement markings for a specific HOV lane application.

Existing sign and bridge structures should be used to the extent practical for the installation of HOV signs. The signing should be designed to avoid overloading the road user. Based on the importance of the sign, the following priority should be given: regulatory, advance regulatory, guide, then next exit supplemental signs.

Standard:

Ground-mounted HOV guide signs shall be used only as a supplement to overhead HOV guide signs unless an engineering study identifies that overhead guide signs are not appropriate for a particular situation or location.

Option:

Overhead lane control signs and changeable message signs may be used to supplement static HOV signs.

Standard:

Changeable message signs (see Section 2A.07) serving as HOV guide signs shall be the required sign size, and shall display the required letter height and legend format that corresponds to the type of facility and design speed.

Option:

Agencies may select from either the HOV abbreviation or the diamond symbol to reference the HOV lane designation.

Standard:

The diamond symbol shall not be used with lanes designated for bus or taxi traffic.

Guidance:

Where lateral clearance is limited, such as when a ground-mounted sign is installed on a median barrier, the sign should not project beyond the outer edges of the barrier. The width for signs when lateral clearance is limited should be a maximum of 750 mm (30 in) to minimize the amount that the sign needs to be skewed to keep it within the width of the barrier. The angle of the skew should not be more than 45 degrees.

Standard:

For barrier-separated HOV lanes, overhead guide signs shall be provided in advance of each entry point (see Figure 2E-44). Ground-mounted guide signs shall be used at intermediate entry or exit points or gaps in the barrier where road users can access the HOV lane (see Figure 2E-45).

Guidance:

Where conditions restrict the ability to provide more than one advance guide sign prior to the entrance to a barrier-separated HOV lane, the sign should be placed approximately 800 m (1/2 mi) in advance of the exit. In these situations, the installation of the corresponding regulatory and next exit supplemental signs should be located based on the priority of the message and the available space.

Standard:

For buffer-separated HOV lanes, which are separated using pavement markings from the adjacent mixed-use lanes by a distance of at least 1.2 m (4 ft), ground-mounted guide signs on the median or median barrier shall be used in advance of and at the exit point from the HOV lane (see Figure 2E-45). Guide signs shall not be used beyond the designated entry points where vehicles can access the HOV lane.

Guidance:

For barrier- and buffer-separated HOV lanes, guide and regulatory signs should be provided to alert HOV lane users and non-users of the minimum allowable vehicle occupancy requirement and the locations of the designated entry and exit points.

Standard:

For concurrent flow HOV lanes on the left side of the roadway, guide signs shall only be used if the HOV restrictions are in place on a 24 hours per day basis. Guide signs shall not be used for part-time HOV operation. Overhead advance and regulatory HOV signs shall be used when a mixed-flow lane transitions into an HOV lane on the left side of the roadway (see Figure 2E-46).

Support:

Figures 2E-47 and 2E-48 show examples of the signing for direct entrances to and direct exits from HOV lanes.

Additional information and figures related to the designation and operation of HOV lanes and the application of signing and pavement markings for HOV lanes is provided in Sections 2B.48 through 2B.50, 2C.48, 3B.22, and 3B.23.”

338. Following Section 2E-58. Add five new figures as part of this new section: “Figure 2E-44. Example of Signing for the Entrance to Barrier-Separated HOV Lanes”, “Figure 2E-45. Example of Signing for Intermediate Entry and Exit to Barrier- or Buffer-Separated HOV Lanes”, “Figure 2E-46. Example of Signing for Concurrent Flow HOV Lanes”, “Figure 2E-47. Example of Signing for a Direct Entrance to an HOV Lane”, and “Figure 2E-48. Example of Signing for a Direct Exit From an HOV Lane”.

339. Page 2F-2, Section 2F.01, Eligibility. Under Guidance, Item B.2, change: “Continuous operations to serve three meals per day, at least 6 days per week;” to: “Continuous operations to serve at least two meals per day, at least 6 days per week;”.

340. Page 2F-3, Section 2F.02, Application. Under first Option, change: “General Service signs (see Sections 2D.44 and 2E.51) may be used…” to: “General Service signs (see Sections 2D.45 and 2E.51) may be used”.

341. Page 2F-4, Figure 2F-1, Typical Specific Service Signs. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

342. Page 2F-5, Figure 2F-2, Typical Specific Service Sign Locations. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

343. Page 2F-7, Section 2F.04, Number and Size of Logos and Signs. Under Standard, change: “A logo panel on signs for conventional roads and ramps shall not exceed 600 mm (24 in) in width and 450 mm (18 in) in height.” to: “A logo panel on signs for conventional roads and ramps shall not exceed 750 mm (30 in) in width and 450 mm (18 in) in height.”

344. Page 2F-9, Section 2F.08, Double-Exit Interchanges. At the beginning of the Option, add: “At a double-exit interchange where there are four logo panels to be displayed for one of the exits and one or two logo panels to be displayed for the other exit, the logo panels may be arranged in three rows with two logo panels per row.”

345. Page 2F-9, Section 2F.09, Signs at Intersections. Under first Standard, change:“Where both tourist-oriented information (Chapter 2G)…” to: “Where both tourist-oriented information (see Chapter 2G)…”

346. Page 2G-1, Section 2G.01, Purpose and Application. Under second Standard, change: “When used, tourist-oriented directional signs shall be used only on rural conventional roads and shall not be used at interchanges on expressways or freeways.” to: “When used, tourist-oriented directional signs shall be used only on rural conventional roads and shall not be used on conventional roads in urban areas nor at interchanges on expressways or freeways.”; add: “Where both tourist-oriented directional signs and Specific Service signs (see Chapter 2F) would be needed at the same intersection, the tourist-oriented directional signs shall incorporate the needed information from, and be used in place of, the Specific Service signs”; under Guidance, remove: “Where both tourist-oriented directional signs and Specific Service signs (Chapter 2F) would be needed at the same intersection, the tourist-oriented directional signs should incorporate the needed information from, and be used in place of, the Specific Service signs.”; under second Option, change: “Tourist-oriented directional signs may be used in conjunction with General Service signs (see Section 2D.44).” to: “Tourist-oriented directional signs may be used in conjunction with General Service signs (see Section 2D.45).”

347. Page 2G-2, Section 2G.02, Design. Under second Standard, change: “It shall be placed above and in addition to the panels.” to: “If used, it shall be placed above and in addition to the panels.”; under second Option, change: “The General Service sign symbols (see Section 2D.44)…” to: “The General Service sign symbols (see Section 2D.45)…”

348. Page 2G-3, Section 2G.02, Design. Under Support, change: “Typical tourist-oriented directional signs are shown in Figure 2G-1.” to: “Examples of tourist-oriented directional signs are shown in Figure 2G-1 and 2G-2.”

349. Page 2G-4, Figure 2G-1, Typical Tourist-Oriented Directional Signs. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

350. Page 2G-5, Figure 2G-2, Typical Intersection Approach Signs and Advance Signs for Tourist-Oriented Directional Signs. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

351. Page 2G-7, Section 2G.06, Sign Locations. Under Guidance, change: “Position, height, and lateral clearance of signs should be governed by Chapters 2A and 2D except as permitted in this Section.” to: “Position, height, and lateral clearance of signs should be governed by Chapter 2A except as permitted in this Section.”

352. Page 2G-7, Section 2G.07, State Policy. Under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “… facilities shall comply with applicable State or Federal laws concerning the provisions ….” to: “…facilities shall comply with applicable State and Federal laws concerning the provisions ...”; under Guidance, in the first sentence change: “Each State that elects to use tourist-oriented directional signs should have a policy that includes:” to: “Furthermore, the State policy should include:”.

353. Page 2H-5, Figure 2H-1, Typical Use of Educational Plaques, Prohibitory Slashes, and Arrows. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

354. Page 2H-7, Figure 2H-2, Typical General Directional Guide Signs for Conventional Roads. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”. Add new trapezoidal signs for “Yosemite National Park” and “Carlsbad Caverns”.

355. Page 2H-9, Figure 2H-4, Typical Symbol Signing Layout. In the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of.”

356. Page 2H-12, Section 2H.09, Destination Guide Signs. Under second Standard, change: “Linear parkway-type highways that merely function as arterial connectors without providing access to recreational or cultural interest areas shall not qualify for the use of white-on-brown destination guide signs.” to: “Linear parkway-type highways that primarily function as arterial connectors, even if they also provide access to recreational or cultural interest areas, shall not qualify for the use of white-on-brown destination guide signs.”

357. Page 2I-2, Section 2I.03, EVACUATION ROUTE Sign (EM-1). Under the first Standard, in the first sentence, change:

The EVACUATION ROUTE (EM-1) sign shall be circular, having a minimum outside diameter of 450 mm (18 in), carrying a directional arrow and the legend EVACUATION ROUTE.

to:

The EVACUATION ROUTE (EM-1) sign (see Figure 2I-1) shall be a rectangular sign with a blue circular symbol with a directional arrow and the legend EVACUATION ROUTE. The minimum size shall be 600 x 600 mm (24 x 24 in). The diameter of the circular symbol shall be 25 mm (1 in) smaller than the width of the sign.

Under the second Standard, in the first paragraph, in the first sentence, change: “The legend, arrow, symbol, and border shall be white on a blue background. At least the arrow and border shall be retroreflective.” to: “The legend and arrow of the EVACUATION ROUTE sign shall be white on a blue circular background. The corners of the sign outside of the circle shall be white. At least the arrow, legend and corners shall be retroreflective.”; at the beginning of the second Option, add: “The legend on the EVACUATION ROUTE sign may be modified to describe the type of evacuation route, such as HURRICANE.”

358. Page 2I-3. Add a figure number and title to this page of sign images: “Figure 2I-1. Emergency Management Signs”; add a square sign panel as background for the EM-1 HURRICANE EVACUATION ROUTE sign and change the size of the EM-1 sign from “900 mm (36 in) diameter” to “600 x 600 mm (24 x 24 in)”; add illustrations of EM-6b WELFARE CENTER, EM-6c REGISTRATION CENTER, EM-6d DECONTAMINATION CENTER, EM7-a EMERGENCY SHELTER 2 MI, EM-7c FALLOUT SHELTER 5 MI, and EM-7d CHEMICAL SHELTER 6 km signs.

359. Page 2I-4, Section 2I.04, AREA CLOSED Sign (EM-2). Under Standard, change: “The AREA CLOSED (EM-2) sign shall be used to close a roadway in order to prohibit traffic from entering the area.” to: “The AREA CLOSED (EM-2) sign (see Figure 2I-1) shall be used to close a roadway in order to prohibit traffic from entering the area.”

360. Page 2I-4, Section 2I.05, TRAFFIC CONTROL POINT Sign (EM-3). Under Standard, change: “The TRAFFIC CONTROL POINT (EM-3) sign shall be used to designate a location…” to: “The TRAFFIC CONTROL POINT (EM-3) sign (see Figure 2I-1) shall be used to designate a location...”

361. Page 2I-5, Section 2I.06, MAINTAIN TOP SAFE SPEED Sign (EM-4). Under Option, change: “The MAINTAIN TOP SAFE SPEED (EM-4) sign may be used…” to: “The MAINTAIN TOP SAFE SPEED (EM-4) sign (see Figure 2I-1) may be used...”

362. Page 2I-5, Section 2I.07, ROAD (AREA) USE PERMIT REQUIRED FOR THRU TRAFFIC Sign (EM-5). Under Support, change: “The intent of the ROAD (AREA) USE PERMIT REQUIRED FOR THRU TRAFFIC sign is to notify road users…” to: “The intent of the ROAD (AREA) USE PERMIT REQUIRED FOR THRU TRAFFIC (EM-5) sign (see Figure 2I-1) is to notify road users...”

363. Page 2I-6, Section 2I.08, Emergency Aid Center Signs (EM-6 Series). Under Standard, change: “Emergency Aid Center (EM-6 series) signs shall carry the designation…” to: “Emergency Aid Center (EM-6 series) signs (see Figure 2I-1) shall carry the designation...”

364. Page 2I-6, Section 2I.09, Shelter Directional Signs (EM-7 Series). Under Standard, change: “Shelter Directional (EM-7 Series) signs shall be used…” to: “Shelter Directional (EM-7 Series) signs (see Figure 2I-1) shall be used...”

365. Page 2I-7, Section 2I.09, Shelter Directional Signs (EM-7 Series). Under Option, change: “The Shelter signs may be used…” to: “The Shelter Directional signs may be used…”; under Guidance, change: “As a general rule, the Shelter sign should not be posted more than 8 km (5 mi) from a shelter.” to: “As a general rule, the Shelter Directional sign should not be posted more than 8 km (5 mi) from a shelter.”

Part 3

1. Cover of Part 3. Change: “Incorporating: Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001” to: “Incorporating: Proposed Revision No. 2, Errata No. 1 dated June 14, 2001.”

2. Page 3A-2, Section 3A.04, Colors. Under Standard, change: “Black in conjunction with one of the above colors shall be a usable color for object markers.” to: “Black in conjunction with one of the above colors shall be a usable color.”

3. Page 3A-3, Section 3A.05, Colors of Longitudinal Pavement Markings. Chance Section title to: “Section 3A.05 Colors of Pavement Markings”; under Standard, change:

The colors of longitudinal pavement markings shall conform to the following basic concepts:

A. Yellow lines delineate:

1. The separation of traffic traveling in opposite directions.

2. The left edge of the roadways of divided and one-way highway and ramps.

3. The separation of two-way left turn lanes and reversible lanes from other lanes.

B. White lines delineate:

1. The separation of traffic flows in the same direction.

2. The right edge of the roadway.

C. Red markings delineate roadways that shall not be entered or used.

D. Blue markings delineate parking spaces for persons with disabilities

to:

When used, white markings or raised pavement markers for longitudinal lines shall delineate:

A. The separation of traffic flows in the same direction.

B. The right edge of the roadway.

When used, yellow markings or raised pavement markers for longitudinal lines shall delineate:

A. The separation of traffic traveling in opposite directions.

B. The left edge of the roadways of divided and one-way highways and ramps.

C. The separation of two-way left turn lanes and reversible lanes from other lanes.

When used, red raised pavement markers shall delineate roadways that shall not be entered or used.

When used, blue markings shall supplement white markings for parking spaces for persons with disabilities.

4. Page 3A-3 and 3A-4, Section 3A.06, Widths and Patterns of Longitudinal Pavement Markings. Under Standard, change:

The widths and patterns of longitudinal lines shall be as follows:

A. A solid line prohibits or discourages crossing.

B. A normal line is 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in) wide.

C. A wide line is at least twice the width of a normal line. The width of the line indicates the degree of emphasis.

D. A double line consists of two normal lines separated by a discernible space. A double line indicates maximum or special restrictions.

E. A broken line consists of normal line segments separated by gaps. A broken line indicates a permissive condition.

F. A dotted line shall consist of noticeably shorter line segments separated by shorter gaps than used for a broken line. The width of a dotted line shall be at least the same as the width of the line it extends. A dotted line provides guidance.

G. The value of N for a broken or dotted line shall equal the length of one line segment plus one gap. The value of N referenced for solid lines shall equal the N for the broken or dotted lines that might be adjacent to or might extend the solid lines (see Sections 3B.13 and 3B.14).

to:

The widths and patterns of longitudinal lines shall be as follows:

A. A normal line is 100 to 150 mm (4 to 6 in) wide.

B. A wide line is at least twice the width of a normal line. The width of the line indicates the degree of emphasis.

C. A double line consists of two parallel lines separated by a discernible space.

D. A broken line consists of normal line segments separated by gaps.

E. A dotted line shall consist of noticeably shorter line segments separated by shorter gaps than used for a broken line. The width of a dotted line shall be at least the same as the width of the line it extends.

F. The value of N for a broken or dotted line shall equal the length of one line segment plus one gap. The value of N referenced for solid lines shall equal the N for the broken or dotted lines that might be adjacent to or might extend the solid lines (see Sections 3B.13 and 3B.14).”

5. Page 3A-4, Section 3A.06, Widths and Patterns of Longitudinal Pavement Markings. Under Guidance, change: “On rural highways, broken lines should consist of 3 m (10ft) line segments and 9 m (30 ft) gaps, or similar dimensions in a similar ratio of line segments to gaps as appropriate for traffic speeds and need for delineation.” to: “Broken lines should consist of 3 m (10 ft) line segments and 9 m (30 ft) gaps, or dimensions in a similar ratio of line segments to gaps as appropriate for traffic speeds and need for delineation”; under Option, change: “A dotted line may consist of 0.6 (2 ft) line segments, and 1.2 m (4 ft) or longer gaps, with a maximum segment-to-gap ratio of 1-to-3.” to: “A dotted line for line extensions may consist of 0.6 m (2 ft) line segments and 0.6 m (2 ft) to 1.8 m (6 ft) gaps. A dotted line for lane drop/add markings may consist of 0.9 m (3 ft) line segments and 2.7 m (9 ft) gaps.”

6. Page 3B-1, Section 3B.01, Yellow Centerline and Left Edge Line Pavement Markings and Warrants. In Section title, remove: “and Left Edge Line.”

7. Page 3B-2, Figure 3B-1, Typical Two-Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

8. Page 3B-3, Figure 3B-2, Typical Four-or-More Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

9. Page 3B-4, Section 3B.01, Yellow Centerline Pavement Markings and Warrants. Under Guidance, change: “On two-way roadways with three traffic lanes, two lanes should be designated for traffic in one direction by using one- or two-direction no-passing zone markings as shown in Figure 3B-3.” to: “On two-way roadways with three through traffic lanes, two lanes should be designated for traffic in one direction by using one- or two-direction no-passing zone markings as show in Figure 3B-3.” Under Standard, change: “Centerline markings shall be placed on all paved urban arterials and collectors that have a traveled width of 6.1 m (20 ft) or more and an ADT of 6,000 vehicles per day or greater.” to: “Centerline markings shall be placed on all paved urban arterials and collectors that have a traveled way of 6.1 m (20 ft) or more in width and an ADT of 6,000 vehicles per day or greater.” Under second Guidance, change:

Centerline markings should be placed on paved urban arterials and collectors that have a traveled width of 6.1 m (20 ft) or more and an ADT of 4,000 vehicles per day or greater. Centerline markings should also be placed on all rural arterials and collectors that have a traveled width of 5.5 m (18 ft) or more and an ADT of 3,000 vehicles per day or greater.

to:

Centerline markings should be placed on paved urban arterials and collectors that have a traveled way of 6.1 m (20ft) or more in width and an ADT of 4,000 vehicles per day or greater. Centerline markings should also be placed on all rural arterials and collectors that have a traveled way of 5.5 m (18 ft) or more in width and an ADT of 3,000 vehicles per day or greater.

Remove the last Standard from this section and place it in Section 3B.06.

10. Page 3B-5, Figure 3B-3, Typical Three-Lane, Two-Way Marking Applications. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

11. Page 3B-6 and 3B-8, Section 3B.02, No-Passing Zone Pavement Markings and Warrants. Under second Standard, change: “No-passing zone markings shall be used on approaches to highway-rail grade crossings (see Section 8B.16) and at other locations where the prohibition of passing is appropriate.” to: “No-passing zone markings shall be used on approaches to highway-rail grade crossings in conformance with Section 8B.19”; under third Standard, change:

The buffer zone shall be a median island consisting of a lane transition in each direction and a minimum of a 15 m (50 ft) buffer zone. In areas where no-passing zones are required because of limited passing sight distances, the buffer zone shall be the distances between the beginnings of the no-passing zones in each direction.

to:

The buffer zone shall be a median island that is at least 15 m (50 ft) in length.

12. Page 3B-7, Figure 3B-4, Typical Three-Lane, Two-Way Marking for Changing Direction of the Center Lane. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of”; in the illustration, at the top and bottom points where the double yellow line representing the buffer zone transition rejoins the double yellow center lines, eliminate overlapping yellow center lines.

13. Page 3B-10, Figure 3B-5. Method of Locating and Determining the Limits of No-Passing Zones at Curves. In the upper illustration (a), centered above the “Note:” insert as a single line of text: “Profile View”; in the lower illustration (b), centered above the “Note”, insert as a single line of text: “Plan View”.

14. Page 3B-11, Section 3B.03, Other Yellow Longitudinal Pavement Markings. Under first Standard, in the first paragraph, change:

If reversible lanes are used, the lane line pavement markings on each side of reversible lanes shall consist of two normal broken yellow lines to delineate the edges of a lane in which the direction of travel is reversed from time to time, such that each of these markings serve as the centerline markings of the roadway during some period (see Figure 3B-6).

to:

If reversible lanes are used, the lane line pavement markings on each side of reversible lanes shall consist of a normal double broken yellow line to delineate the edge of a lane in which the direction of travel is reversed from time to time, such that each of these markings serve as the centerline markings of the roadway during some period (see Figure 3B-6)”;

Under the first Standard, in the third paragraph, change:

If a two-way left-turn lane is used, the lane line pavement markings on each side of the two-way left-turn lane shall consist of normal broken yellow line and a normal solid yellow line to delineate the edges of a lane that can be used by traffic in either direction as part of a left-turn maneuver.

to:

If a two-way left-turn lane that is never operated as a reversible lane is used, the lane line pavement markings on each side of the two-way left-turn lane shall consist of a normal broken yellow line and a normal solid yellow line to delineate the edges of a lane that can be used by traffic in either direction as part of a left-turn maneuver.

15. Page 3B-12, Figure 3B-6, Typical Reversible Lane Marking Application. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of”.

16. Page 3B-13, Figure 3B-7, Typical Two-Way Left-Turn Marking Applications. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of”.

17. Page 3B-14, Section 3B.04, White Lane Line and Right Edge Line Pavement Markings and Warrants. Change Section title to: “Section 3B.04 White Lane Line Pavement Markings and Warrants”; under Support, change: “Typical applications of lane line markings are shown in Figures 3B-2, 3B-3, 3B-7 through 3B-13, 3B-21, 3B-23, and 3B-25.” to: “Typical applications of lane line markings are shown in Figures 3B-2, 3B-3, 3B-7 through 3B-13, 3B-22, 3B-24, and 3B-26.”

18. Page 3B-15, Section3B.04, White Lane Line and Right Edge Line Pavement Markings and Warrants. Remove first Standard from the top of the page and place it in Section 3B.06.

19. Pages 3B-16 and 3B-17, Figure 3B-8, Sheets 1 and 2, Typical Exit Ramp and Cloverleaf Ramp Markings. In both sheets, change Figure title to: “Figure 3B-8. Examples of Channelizing Line Applications for Exit Ramp Markings.”

20. Page 3B-18, Figure 3B-9, Typical Entrance Ramp Markings. Change figure title to: to: “Figure 3B-9. Examples of Channelizing Line Applications for Entrance Ramp Markings”; in right-hand illustration, change color of inner stripe of entrance ramp from white to yellow.

21. Page 3B-19, Section 3B.05, Other White Longitudinal Pavement Markings. Under second Option, change: “The lane drop marking may consist of a wide, white dotted line with line segments 0.9 m (3 ft) in length separated by 3.6 m (12 ft) gaps.” to: “The lane drop markings may consist of a wide, white dotted line with line segments 0.9 m (3 ft) in length separated by 2.7 m (9 ft) gaps.”

22. Page 3B-19, Section 3B.06, Edge Line Pavement Markings. Under Standard, change: “If used, edge line pavement markings shall delineate the right or left edges of a roadway (see Sections 3B.01 and 3B.04).” to: “If used, edge line pavement markings shall delineate the right or left edges of a roadway.”; change: “Edge line markings shall not be continued through intersections; however, edge line extensions (see Sections 3B.08) may be placed through intersections.” to: “Edge line markings shall not be continued through intersections; however, dotted line extensions (see Section 3B.08) may be placed through intersections.”; move fourth Standard from Page 3B-4, Section 3B.01, inserting it following the two paragraphs which formerly comprised the sole Standard in Section 3B.06; delete the term “Standard” from the text prior to moving it; immediately following this, insert the fourth Standard from Page 3B-15, Section 3B.04; also delete the term “Standard” from this text prior to moving it. The new, integrated text should read:

Standard:

If used, edge line pavement markings shall delineate the right or left edges of a roadway.

Edge line markings shall not be continued through intersections; however, dotted edge line extensions (see Section 3B.08) may be placed through intersections.

If used on the roadways of divided highways or one-way streets, or on any ramp in the direction of travel, left edge line pavement markings shall consist of a normal solid yellow line to delineate the left edge of a roadway or to indicate driving or passing restrictions left of these markings.

If used, the right edge line pavement markings shall consist of a normal solid white line to delineate the right edge of the roadway.

23. Page 3B-20, Figure 3B-10, Typical Lane Drop Markings at Exit Ramps. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Example of”.

24. Page 3B-21, Section 3B.06, Edge Line Pavement Markings. Under Support, insert an Option: “Wide solid edge line markings may be used for greater emphasis.”

25. Page 3B-21, Section 3B.07 Warrants for Use of Edge Lines. Under Option, change: “Edge line markings may be placed on streets and highways that do not have centerline markings.” to: “Edge line markings may be placed on streets and highways with or without centerline markings.”

26. Page 3B-22, Section 3B.08, Extensions Through Intersections or Interchanges. Under Guidance, at the end of the second paragraph, add: “However, edge lines should not be extended into or continued through intersections.”; following this, add two new paragraphs to the Guidance:

A single line of equal width to one of the lines of the double line should be used to extend a double line through an intersection.

To the extent possible, pavement marking extensions through intersections should be designed in a manner that minimizes potential confusion for drivers in adjacent or opposing lanes.

27. Page 3B-23, Figure 3B-11, Typical Pavement Marking Applications (Sheet 1 of 2). Change Figure title to: “Figure 3B-11. Examples of Extensions through Intersections or Interchanges”; In both illustrations, redraw the white pavement markings to be more proportionally accurate.

28. Page 3B-24, Figure 3B-11, Typical Pavement Marking Applications (Sheet 2 of 2). Change Figure title to: “Figure 3B-11. Examples of Extensions through Intersections or Interchanges”; In both illustrations, remove pavement marking extension lines from the crosswalk; in the lower illustration, change the extension lines from double yellow lines to single yellow lines. Redraw the westbound lane approaching the intersection to show a new right turn lane and crosswalk island.

29. Page 3B-25, Figure 3B-12, Typical Lane Reduction Transition Markings. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of” and delete “Transition”; remove illustration C from the figure, update Lane Reduction signs.

30. Page 3B-26, Section 3B.09, Lane Reduction Transition Markings. Under Guidance, change: “Lane line markings should be discontinued one-quarter of the distance between the Pavement Width Transition sign (see Section 2C.30) and the point where the transition taper begins.” to: “Lane line markings should be discontinued one-quarter of the distance between the Lane Ends sign (see Section 2C.30) and the point where the transition taper begins.”

31. Page 3B-27, Section 3B.11, Raised Pavement Markers. Under Support, change:

A raised pavement marker is a device with a height of at least 10 mm (0.4 in) mounted on or in a road surface that is intended to be used as a positioning guide or to supplement or substitute for pavement markings.

to:

A raised pavement marker is a device with the height of the retroreflective surface of at least 10 mm (0.4 in), physically or optically, mounted on or in a road surface that is intended to be used as a positioning guide or to supplement or substitute for pavement markings, or to mark the position of a fire hydrant.

32. Page 3B-28, Figure 3B-13, Typical Markings for Obstructions in the Roadway. In Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”; in all illustrations, where a double center line has been overlapped to look like a single lane line, change the illustration to represent a double center line.

33. Page 3B-29, Section 3B.11, Raised Pavement Markers. After the Standard, insert an Option: “Blue raised pavement markers may be used to mark the positions of fire hydrants.”

34. Page 3B-29, Section 3B.12, Raised Pavement Markers as Vehicle Positioning Guides with Other Longitudinal Markings. Under Support, change: “A typical spacing for such applications is 2N, where N equals the length of one line segment plus one gap (see Section 3A.06).” to: “A typical spacing for such applications is 3N, where N equals the length of one line segment plus one gap (see Section 3A.06).”

35. Page 3B-30, Section 3B.12, Raised Pavement Markers as Vehicle Positioning Guides with Other Longitudinal Markings. Under Option, change: “Where it is desired to alert the road user to changes in the travel path, such as on sharp curves or on transitions that reduce the number of lanes or that shift traffic laterally, the spacing may be reduced to N or less.” to: “Where it is desired to alert the road user to changes in the travel path, such as on sharp curves or on transitions that reduce the number of lanes or that shift traffic laterally, the spacing may be reduced to 2N or less.”

36. Page 3B-30, Section 3B.13, Raised Pavement Markers Supplementing Other Markings. Under Guidance, change:

B. Longitudinal Spacing

1. When supplementing solid line markings, raised pavement markers at a spacing no greater than N (see Section 3A.06) should be used, except when supplementing left edge line markings, a spacing no greater than N/2 should be used. Raised markers should not supplement right edge line markings.

2. When supplementing broken line markings, a spacing no greater than 2N should be used. However, when supplementing broken line markings identifying reversible lanes, a spacing no greater than N should be used.

3. When supplementing dotted line markings, a spacing appropriate for the application should be used.

4. When supplementing longitudinal line markings through at-grade intersections, one raised pavement marker for each short line segment should be used.

5. When supplementing edge line extensions through freeway interchanges, a spacing of N/2 should be used.

to:

B. Longitudinal Spacing

2. When supplementing broken line markings, a spacing no greater than 3N should be used. However, when supplementing broken line markings identifying reversible lanes, a spacing no greater than N should be used.

3. When supplementing dotted line markings, a spacing appropriate for the application should be used.

4. When supplementing longitudinal line markings through at-grade intersections, one raised pavement marker for each short line segment should be used.

5. When supplementing edge line extensions through freeway interchanges, a spacing of N should be used.

37. Page 3B-31, Section 3B.14, Raised Pavement Markers Substituting for Pavement Markings. Under first Standard, change:

When raised pavement markers substitute for broken line markings, a group of four or five markers equally spaced at N/12 (see Section 3A.06), or at the one-third points of the line segment if N is other than 12 m (40 ft), with at least one retroreflective or internally illuminated marker per group shall be used.

When raised pavement markers substitute for solid lane line markings, the markers shall be equally spaced at no greater than N/8, with retroreflective or internally illuminated units at a spacing no greater than N/2.

to:

If raised pavement markers are used to substitute for broken line markings, a group of three to five markers equally spaced at N/8 (see Section 3A.06), or at the one-third points of the line segment if N is other than 12 m (40 ft), with at least one retroreflective or internally illuminated marker per group shall be used.

When raised pavement markers substitute for solid lane line markings, the markers shall be equally spaced at no greater than N/4, with retroreflective or internally illuminated units at a spacing no greater than N/2.

38. Page 3B-32, Section 3B.14, Raised Pavement Markers Substituting for Pavement Markings. Under the Standard, change: “When raised pavement markers substitute for dotted lines, they shall be spaced at N/8, with not less than one raised pavement marker per dotted line. At least one raised marker every N shall be retroreflective or internally illuminated.” to: “When raised pavement markers substitute for dotted lines, they shall be spaced at N/4, with not less than one raised pavement marker per dotted line. At least one raised marker every N shall be retroreflective or internally illuminated.”

39. Page 3B-32, Section 3B.15, Transverse Markings. Under Standard, change: “Transverse markings, which include shoulder markings, word and symbol markings, stop lines, crosswalk lines, speed measurement markings, parking space markings and others, shall be white unless otherwise specified herein.” to: “Transverse markings, which include shoulder markings, word and symbol markings, stop lines, yield lines, crosswalk lines, speed measurement markings, speed hump markings, parking space markings, and others, shall be white unless otherwise specified herein.”; under Guidance, change the second paragraph into a Standard.

40. Page 3B-32, Section 3B.16, Stop and Yield Lines. Under Standard, change: “If used, yield lines shall consist of a row of solid white isosceles triangles pointing toward approaching vehicles extending across approach lanes to indicate the point at which the yield is intended or required to be made (see Figure 3B 14).” to: “If used, yield lines (see Figure 3B-14) shall consist of a row of solid white isosceles triangles pointing toward approaching vehicles extending across approach lanes to indicate the point at which the yield is intended or required to be made.”

41. Page 3B-33, Figure 3B-14, Typical Yield Line Layout for Streets and Highways. Change Figure title to: “Examples of Yield Line Layouts”.

42. Page 3B-34, Section 3B.16, Stop and Yield Lines. Under first Guidance, change: “Stop lines should be used to indicate the point behind which vehicles are required to stop, in compliance with a STOP sign, traffic control signal, or some other traffic control device.” to: “Stop lines should be used to indicate the point behind which vehicles are required to stop, in compliance with a STOP (R1-1) sign, traffic control signal, or some other traffic control device, except YIELD signs.”; under Option, change: “Yield lines may be used to indicate the point behind which vehicles are required to yield in compliance with a YIELD sign.” to: “Yield lines may be used to indicate the point behind which vehicles are required to yield in compliance with a YIELD (R1-2) sign or a Yield Here to Pedestrians (R1-5 or R1-5a) sign”; under second Guidance, change:

If used, stop and yield lines should be placed 1.2 m (4 ft) in advance of and parallel to the nearest crosswalk line, except at roundabouts as provided for in Section 3B.24. In the absence of a marked crosswalk, the stop line or yield line should be placed at the desired stopping or yielding point, but should be placed no more than 9 m (30 ft) nor less than 1.2 m (4 ft) from the nearest edge of the intersecting traveled way.

Stop lines should be placed to allow sufficient sight distance for all approaches to an intersection. Stop lines at midblock signalized locations should be placed at least 12 m (40 ft) in advance of the nearest signal indication (see Section 4D.15).

to:

If used, stop and yield lines should be placed a minimum of 1.2 m (4 ft) in advance of the nearest crosswalk line at controlled intersections, except for yield lines at roundabouts as provided for in Section 3B.24 and at midblock crosswalks. In the absence of a marked crosswalk, the stop line or yield line should be placed at the desired stopping or yielding point, but should be placed no more than 9 m (30 ft) nor less than 1.2 m (4 ft) from the nearest edge of the intersecting traveled way. Stop lines should be placed to allow sufficient sight distance for all approaches to an intersection.

If used at an unsignalized midblock crosswalk, yield lines should be placed adjacent to the Yield Here to Pedestrians sign located 6.1 to 15 m (20 to 50 ft) in advance of the nearest crosswalk line, and parking should be prohibited in the area between the yield line and the crosswalk (see Figure 3B-15).

Stop lines at midblock signalized locations should be placed at least 12 m (40 ft) in advance of the nearest signal indication (see Section 4D.15);

Following the second Guidance, insert a Support: “Drivers who yield too close to crosswalks on multilane approaches place pedestrians at risk by blocking other drivers’ views of pedestrians.

43. Page 3B-35, Section 3B-17, Crosswalk Markings. Under first Guidance, change: “Crosswalk lines, if used on both sides of the crosswalk, should extend across the full width of pavement to discourage diagonal walking between crosswalks (see Figure 3B-15).” to: “Crosswalk lines, if used on both sides of the crosswalk, should extend across the full width of pavement or to the edge of the intersecting crosswalk to discourage diagonal walking between crosswalks (see Figures 3B-15 and 3B-16).” Insert a new figure numbered and titled: “Figure 3B-15. Examples of Yield Lines at Unsignalized Midblock Crosswalks”; under Option, change: “For added visibility, the area of the crosswalk may be marked with white diagonal lines at a 45-degree angle to the line of the crosswalk or with white longitudinal lines parallel to traffic flow as show in Figure 3B-15.” to: “For added visibility, the area of the crosswalk may be marked with white diagonal lines at a 45-degree angle to the line of the crosswalk or with white longitudinal lines parallel to traffic flow as show in Figure 3B-16.”; under second Guidance, change: “If used, the diagonal or longitudinal lines should be 300 to 600 mm (12 to 24 in) wide and spaced 300 to 600 mm (12 to 24 in) apart. The spacing design should avoid the wheel paths.” to: “If used, the diagonal or longitudinal lines should be 300 to 600 mm (12 to 24 in) wide and spaced 300 to 1500 mm (12 to 60 in) apart. The marking design should avoid the wheel paths, and the spacing should not exceed 2.5 times the line width.”

44. Page 3B-36, Figure 3B-15, Typical Types of Crosswalk Markings. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 3B-16”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of””.

45. Page 3B-36, Figure 3B-16, Typical Crosswalk Markings for Exclusive Pedestrian Phase that Permits Diagonal Crossing. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 3B-17”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

46. Page 3B-37, Section 3B-17, Crosswalk Markings. Under Option, change: “…Figure 3B-16…” to: “…Figure 3B-17…”.

47. Page 3B-37, Section 3B.18, Parking Space Markings. Under first Support, change: “Typical parking space markings are shown in Figure 3B-18.” to: “Examples of parking space markings are shown in Figure 3B-18.” Under second Support, change: “…Figure 3B-18” to: “…Figure 3B-19”.

48. Page 3B-37, Section 3B.19, Pavement Word and Symbol Markings. Under Support, change: “…Figures 3B-19 and 3B-20.” to: “…Figures 3B-20 and 3B-21.”

49. Page 3B-38, Figure 3B-17, Typical Parking Space Markings. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 3B-18”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

50. Page 3B-39, Figure 3B-18, International Symbol of Accessibility Parking Space Marking with Blue Background and White Border Options. Change figure number to: “Figure 3B-19”.

51. Page 3B-39, Figure 3B-19, Typical Elongated Letters for Word Pavement Markings. Change the Figure number to: “Figure 3B-20”; in the Figure title, change: “Typical” to: “Examples of”.

52. Page 3B-40, Figure 3B-20, Typical Lane-Use, Lane-Reduction, and Wrong-Way Arrows for Pavement Markings. Change figure number and title to: “Figure 3B-21. Examples of Arrows for Pavement Markings”; and in the caption at the bottom of the page, in the last sentence, change: “…’Typical Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings’…” to: “…’Standard Alphabets for Highway Signs and Pavement Markings’ 2002 Edition….”

53. Page 3B-41, Section 3B.19, Pavement Word and Symbol Markings. Under first Guidance, change: “Except as noted in the Option below, pavement word and symbol markings should be no more than one lane in width.” to: “Except as noted in the Option, pavement word and symbol markings should be no more than one lane in width”; under first Option, change: “The SCHOOL word marking may extend to the width of two lanes (see Section 7C.06).” to: “The SCHOOL word marking may extend to the width of two approach lanes (see Section 7C.06)”; under second Option, change: “…Figure 3B-18.” to: “…Figure 3B-19.”; under Standard, in the first sentence, change: “(see Figure 3B-20)” to: “(see Figure 3B-21)”; in the second paragraph, also change “…Figure 3B-20.” to: “…Figure 3B-21.”

54. Page 3B-42, Section 3B.19, Pavement Word and Symbol Markings. Under first Option, first paragraph, change: “…(see Figure 3B-20)…” to: “…(see Figure 3B-21)…”; in the second paragraph, change: “…(see Figure 3B-19)…” to: “…(see Figure 3B-20)…” and change: “…(see Figure 3B-21).” to: “…(see Figure 3B-22).”; in the third paragraph, change: “…Figure 3B-20…” to: “…Figure 3B-21...”; under second Guidance, change: “…(see Figure 3B-22).” to: “…(see Figure 3B-23).”; under second Option, in the first paragraph, change: “The wrong-way arrow markings show in Figure 3B-20 may be placed near the downstream terminus of a ramp as shown in Figures 3B-22 and 3B-23 to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow and to discourage drivers from traveling in the wrong direction.” to: “The wrong-way arrow markings shown in Figure 3B-21 may be placed near the downstream terminus of a ramp as shown in Figures 3B-23 and 3B-24 to indicate the correct direction of traffic flow a