Part 4. Highway Traffic Signals
| [ Chapter 
                    4A ] | [ Chapter 
                    4B ] | [ Chapter 
                    4C ] | [ Chapter 
                    4D ] | [ Chapter 
                    4E ] | 
| [ Chapter 4F ] | [ Chapter 4G ] | [ Chapter 4H ] | [ Chapter 4I ] | [ Chapter 4J ] | 
| [ Chapter 
                    4K ] | [ Chapter 
                    4L ] | [ Figures 
                    ] | [ Tables 
                    ] | 
| CHAPTER 4A. | GENERAL | 
|---|---|
| Section 4A.01 | Types | 
| Section 4A.02 | Definitions Relating to Highway Traffic Signals | 
| CHAPTER 4B. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS — GENERAL | 
| Section 4B.01 | General | 
| Section 4B.02 | Basis of Installation or Removal of Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4B.03 | Advantages and Disadvantages of Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4B.04 | Alternatives to Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4B.05 | Adequate Roadway Capacity | 
| CHAPTER 4C. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES | 
| Section 4C.01 | Studies and Factors for Justifying Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4C.02 | Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume | 
| Section 4C.03 | Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume | 
| Section 4C.04 | Warrant 3, Peak Hour | 
| Section 4C.05 | Warrant 4, Pedestrian Volume | 
| Section 4C.06 | Warrant 5, School Crossing | 
| Section 4C.07 | Warrant 6, Coordinated Signal System | 
| Section 4C.08 | Warrant 7, Crash Experience | 
| Section 4C.09 | Warrant 8, Roadway Network | 
| CHAPTER 4D. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES | 
| Section 4D.01 | General | 
| Section 4D.02 | Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance | 
| Section 4D.03 | Provisions for Pedestrians | 
| Section 4D.04 | Meaning of Vehicular Signal Indications | 
| Section 4D.05 | Application of Steady Signal Indications | 
| Section 4D.06 | Application of Steady Signal Indications for Left Turns | 
| Section 4D.07 | Application of Steady Signal Indications for Right Turns | 
| Section 4D.08 | Prohibited Steady Signal Indications | 
| Section 4D.09 | Unexpected Conflicts During Green or Yellow Intervals | 
| Section 4D.10 | Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals | 
| Section 4D.11 | Application of Flashing Signal Indications | 
| Section 4D.12 | Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4D.13 | Preemption and Priority Control of Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4D.14 | Coordination of Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4D.15 | Size, Number, and Location of Signal Faces by Approach | 
| Section 4D.16 | Number and Arrangement of Signal Sections in Vehicular Traffic Control Signal Faces | 
| Section 4D.17 | Visibility, Shielding, and Positioning of Signal Faces | 
| Section 4D.18 | Design, Illumination, and Color of Signal Sections | 
| Section 4D.19 | Lateral Placement of Signal Supports and Cabinets | 
| Section 4D.20 | Temporary Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4D.21 | Traffic Signal Signs, Auxiliary | 
| CHAPTER 4E. | PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES | 
| Section 4E.01 | Pedestrian Signal Heads | 
| Section 4E.02 | Meaning of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications | 
| Section 4E.03 | Application of Pedestrian Signal Heads | 
| Section 4E.04 | Size, Design, and Illumination of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications | 
| Section 4E.05 | Location and Height of Pedestrian Signal Heads | 
| Section 4E.06 | Accessible Pedestrian Signals | 
| Section 4E.07 | Countdown Pedestrian Signals | 
| Section 4E.08 | Pedestrian Detectors | 
| Section 4E.09 | Accessible Pedestrian Signal Detectors | 
| Section 4E.10 | Pedestrian Intervals and Signal Phases | 
| CHAPTER 4F. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLE ACCESS | 
| Section 4F.01 | Applications of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4F.02 | Design of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals | 
| Section 4F.03 | Operation of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals | 
| CHAPTER 4G. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR ONE-LANE, TWO-WAY FACILITIES | 
| Section 4G.01 | Application of Traffic Control Signals for One-Lane, Two-Way Facilities | 
| Section 4G.02 | Design of Traffic Control Signals for One-Lane, Two-Way Facilities | 
| Section 4G.03 | Operation of Traffic Control Signals for One-Lane, Two-Way Facilities | 
| CHAPTER 4H. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR FREEWAY ENTRANCE RAMPS | 
| Section 4H.01 | Application of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals | 
| Section 4H.02 | Design of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals | 
| CHAPTER 4I. | TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR MOVABLE BRIDGES | 
| Section 4I.01 | Application of Traffic Control for Movable Bridges | 
| Section 4I.02 | Design and Location of Movable Bridge Signals and Gates | 
| Section 4I.03 | Operation of Movable Bridge Signals and Gates | 
| CHAPTER 4J. | LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS | 
| Section 4J.01 | Application of Lane-Use Control Signals | 
| Section 4J.02 | Meaning of Lane-Use Control Signal Indications | 
| Section 4J.03 | Design of Lane-Use Control Signals | 
| Section 4J.04 | Operation of Lane-Use Control Signals | 
| CHAPTER 4K. | FLASHING BEACONS | 
| Section 4K.01 | General Design and Operation of Flashing Beacons | 
| Section 4K.02 | Intersection Control Beacon | 
| Section 4K.03 | Warning Beacon | 
| Section 4K.04 | Speed Limit Sign Beacon | 
| Section 4K.05 | Stop Beacon | 
| CHAPTER 4L. | IN-ROADWAY LIGHTS | 
| Section 4L.01 | Application of In-Roadway Lights | 
| Section 4L.02 | In-Roadway Warning Lights at Crosswalks | 
| CHAPTER 4C. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES | 
|---|---|
| Figure 4C-1 | Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume | 
| Figure 4C-2 | Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume (70% Factor) | 
| Figure 4C-3 | Warrant 3, Peak Hour | 
| Figure 4C-4 | Warrant 3, Peak Hour (70% Factor) | 
| CHAPTER 4D. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES | 
| Figure 4D-1 | Maximum Mounting Height of Signal Faces Located Between 12 Meters (4 Feet) and 16 Meters (53 Feet) from Stop Line | 
| Figure 4D-2 | Horizontal Location of Signal Faces | 
| Figure 4D-3 | Typical Arrangements of Signal Lenses in Signal Faces | 
| CHAPTER 4E. | PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES | 
| Figure 4E-1 | Typical Pedestrian Signal Indications | 
| Figure 4E-2 | Recommended Pushbutton Locations for Accessible Pedestrian Signals | 
| CHAPTER 4J. | LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS | 
| Figure 4J-1 | Left-Turn Lane-Use Control Signals | 
| CHAPTER 4C. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES | 
|---|---|
| Table 4C-1 | Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume | 
| CHAPTER 4D. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES | 
| Table 4D-1 | Minimum Sight Distance | 









