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2009 Edition Part 4. Highway Traffic Signals
[ Chapter 4A ] |
[ Chapter 4B ] |
[ Chapter 4C ] |
[ Chapter 4D ] |
[ Chapter 4E ] |
[ Chapter 4F ] |
[ Chapter 4G ] |
[ Chapter 4H ] |
[ Chapter 4I ] |
[ Chapter 4J ] |
[ Chapter 4K ] |
[ Chapter 4L ] |
[ Chapter 4M ] |
[ Chapter 4N ] |
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[ Figures ] |
[ Tables ] |
| CHAPTER 4A. | GENERAL |
|---|---|
| Section 4A.01 | Types |
| Section 4A.02 | Definitions Relating to Highway Traffic Signals |
| CHAPTER 4B. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS—GENERAL |
| Section 4B.01 | General |
| Section 4B.02 | Basis of Installation or Removal of Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4B.03 | Advantages and Disadvantages of Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4B.04 | Alternatives to Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4B.05 | Adequate Roadway Capacity |
| CHAPTER 4C. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES |
| Section 4C.01 | Studies and Factors for Justifying Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4C.02 | Warrant 1, Eight Hour Vehicular Volume |
| Section 4C.03 | Warrant 2, Four Hour Vehicular Volume |
| Section 4C.04 | Warrant 3, Peak Hour |
| Section 4C.05 | Warrant 4, Pedestrian Volume |
| Section 4C.06 | Warrant 5, School Crossing |
| Section 4C.07 | Warrant 6, Coordinated Signal System |
| Section 4C.08 | Warrant 7, Crash Experience |
| Section 4C.09 | Warrant 8, Roadway Network |
| Section 4C.10 | Warrant 9, Intersection Near a Grade Crossing |
| CHAPTER 4D. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES |
| Section 4D.01 | General |
| Section 4D.02 | Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance |
| Section 4D.03 | Provisions for Pedestrians |
| Section 4D.04 | Meaning of Vehicular Signal Indications |
| Section 4D.05 | Application of Steady Signal Indications |
| Section 4D.06 | Signal Indications – Design, Illumination, Color, and Shape |
| Section 4D.07 | Size of Vehicular Signal Indications |
| Section 4D.08 | Positions of Signal Indications Within a Signal Face – General |
| Section 4D.09 | Positions of Signal Indications Within a Vertical Signal Face |
| Section 4D.10 | Positions of Signal Indications Within a Horizontal Signal Face |
| Section 4D.11 | Number of Signal Faces on an Approach |
| Section 4D.12 | Visibility, Aiming, and Shielding of Signal Faces |
| Section 4D.13 | Lateral Positioning of Signal Faces |
| Section 4D.14 | Longitudinal Positioning of Signal Faces |
| Section 4D.15 | Mounting Height of Signal Faces |
| Section 4D.16 | Lateral Offset (Clearance) of Signal Faces |
| Section 4D.17 | Signal Indications for Left Turn Movements – General |
| Section 4D.18 | Signal Indications for Permissive Only Mode Left Turn Movements |
| Section 4D.19 | Signal Indications for Protected Only Mode Left Turn Movements |
| Section 4D.20 | Signal Indications for Protected/Permissive Mode Left Turn Movements |
| Section 4D.21 | Signal Indications for Right Turn Movements – General |
| Section 4D.22 | Signal Indications for Permissive Only Mode Right Turn Movements |
| Section 4D.23 | Signal Indications for Protected Only Mode Right Turn Movements |
| Section 4D.24 | Signal Indications for Protected/Permissive Mode Right Turn Movements |
| Section 4D.25 | Signal Indications for Approaches With Shared Left Turn/Right Turn Lanes and No Through Movement |
| Section 4D.26 | Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals |
| Section 4D.27 | Preemption and Priority Control of Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4D.28 | Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals – General |
| Section 4D.29 | Flashing Operation – Transition Into Flashing Mode |
| Section 4D.30 | Flashing Operation – Signal Indications During Flashing Mode |
| Section 4D.31 | Flashing Operation – Transition Out of Flashing Mode |
| Section 4D.32 | Temporary and Portable Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4D.33 | Lateral Offset of Signal Supports and Cabinets |
| Section 4D.34 | Use of Signs at Signalized Locations |
| Section 4D.35 | Use of Pavement Markings at Signalized Locations |
| CHAPTER 4E. | PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES |
| Section 4E.01 | Pedestrian Signal Heads |
| Section 4E.02 | Meaning of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications |
| Section 4E.03 | Application of Pedestrian Signal Heads |
| Section 4E.04 | Size, Design, and Illumination of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications |
| Section 4E.05 | Location and Height of Pedestrian Signal Heads |
| Section 4E.06 | Pedestrian Intervals and Signal Phases |
| Section 4E.07 | Countdown Pedestrian Signals |
| Section 4E.08 | Pedestrian Detectors |
| Section 4E.09 | Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Detectors – General |
| Section 4E.10 | Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Detectors – Location |
| Section 4E.11 | Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Detectors – Walk Indications |
| Section 4E.12 | Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Detectors – Tactile Arrows and Locator Tones |
| Section 4E.13 | Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Detectors – Extended Pushbutton Press Features |
| CHAPTER 4F. | PEDESTRIAN HYBRID BEACONS |
| Section 4F.01 | Application of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons |
| Section 4F.02 | Design of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons |
| Section 4F.03 | Operation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons |
| CHAPTER 4G. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS AND HYBRID BEACONS FOR EMERGENCY-VEHICLE ACCESS |
| Section 4G.01 | Application of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Control Signals and Hybrid Beacons |
| Section 4G.02 | Design of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4G.03 | Operation of Emergency Vehicle Traffic Control Signals |
| Section 4G.04 | Emergency Vehicle Hybrid Beacons |
| CHAPTER 4H. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR ONE-LANE, TWO-WAY FACILITIES |
| Section 4H.01 | Application of Traffic Control Signals for One Lane, Two Way Facilities |
| Section 4H.02 | Design of Traffic Control Signals for One Lane, Two Way Facilities |
| Section 4H.03 | Operation of Traffic Control Signals for One Lane, Two Way Facilities |
| CHAPTER 4I. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR FREEWAY ENTRANCE RAMPS |
| Section 4I.01 | Application of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals |
| Section 4I.02 | Design of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals |
| Section 4I.03 | Operation of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals |
| CHAPTER 4J. | TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR MOVABLE BRIDGES |
| Section 4J.01 | Application of Traffic Control for Movable Bridges |
| Section 4J.02 | Design and Location of Movable Bridge Signals and Gates |
| Section 4J.03 | Operation of Movable Bridge Signals and Gates |
| CHAPTER 4K. | HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SIGNALS AT TOLL PLAZAS |
| Section 4K.01 | Traffic Signals at Toll Plazas |
| Section 4K.02 | Lane Use Control Signals at or Near Toll Plazas |
| Section 4K.03 | Warning Beacons at Toll Plazas |
| CHAPTER 4L. | FLASHING BEACONS |
| Section 4L.01 | General Design and Operation of Flashing Beacons |
| Section 4L.02 | Intersection Control Beacon |
| Section 4L.03 | Warning Beacon |
| Section 4L.04 | Speed Limit Sign Beacon |
| Section 4L.05 | Stop Beacon |
| CHAPTER 4M. | LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS |
| Section 4M.01 | Application of Lane Use Control Signals |
| Section 4M.02 | Meaning of Lane Use Control Signal Indications |
| Section 4M.03 | Design of Lane Use Control Signals |
| Section 4M.04 | Operation of Lane Use Control Signals |
| CHAPTER 4N. | IN-ROADWAY LIGHTS |
| Section 4N.01 | Application of In Roadway Lights |
| Section 4N.02 | In Roadway Warning Lights at Crosswalks |
| CHAPTER 4C. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES |
|---|---|
| Figure 4C-1 | Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume |
| Figure 4C-2 | Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume (70% Factor) |
| Figure 4C-3 | Warrant 3, Peak Hour |
| Figure 4C-4 | Warrant 3, Peak Hour (70% Factor) |
| Figure 4C-5 | Warrant 4, Pedestrian Four-Hour Volume |
| Figure 4C-6 | Warrant 4, Pedestrian Four-Hour Volume (70% Factor) |
| Figure 4C-7 | Warrant 4, Pedestrian Peak Hour |
| Figure 4C-8 | Warrant 4, Pedestrian Peak Hour (70% Factor) |
| Figure 4C-9 | Warrant 9, Intersection Near a Grade Crossing (One Approach Lane at the Track Crossing) |
| Figure 4C-10 | Warrant 9, Intersection Near a Grade Crossing (Two or More Approach Lanes at the Track Crossing) |
| CHAPTER 4D. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES |
| Figure 4D-1 | Example of U-Turn Signal Face |
| Figure 4D-2 | Typical Arrangements of Signal Sections in Signal Faces That Do Not Control Turning Movements |
| Figure 4D-3 | Recommended Vehicular Signal Faces for Approaches with Posted, Statutory, or 85th Percentile Speed of 45 mph or Higher |
| Figure 4D-4 | Lateral and Longitudinal Location of Primary Signal Faces |
| Figure 4D-5 | Maximum Mounting Height of Signal Faces Located Between 40 Feet and 53 Feet from Stop Line |
| Figure 4D-6 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Shared Signal Faces for Permissive Only Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-7 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces with Flashing Yellow Arrow for Permissive Only Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-8 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces with Flashing Red Arrow for Permissive Only Mode and Protected/Permissive Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-9 | Typical Positions and Arrangements of Shared Signal Faces for Protected Only Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-10 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces for Protected Only Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-11 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Shared Signal Faces for Protected/Permissive Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-12 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces with Flashing Yellow Arrow for Protected/Permissive Mode and Protected Only Mode Left Turns |
| Figure 4D-13 | Typical Positions and Arrangements of Shared Signal Faces for Permissive Only Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-14 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces with Flashing Yellow Arrow for Permissive Only Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-15 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces with Flashing Red Arrow for Permissive Only Mode and Protected/Permissive Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-16 | Typical Positions and Arrangements of Shared Signal Faces for Protected Only Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-17 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces for Protected Only Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-18 | Typical Positions and Arrangements of Shared Signal Faces for Protected/Permissive Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-19 | Typical Position and Arrangements of Separate Signal Faces with Flashing Yellow Arrow for Protected/Permissive Mode and Protected Only Mode Right Turns |
| Figure 4D-20 | Signal Indications for Approaches with a Shared Left-Turn/Right-Turn Lane and No Through Movement |
| CHAPTER 4E. | PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES |
| Figure 4E-1 | Typical Pedestrian Signal Indications |
| Figure 4E-2 | Pedestrian Intervals |
| Figure 4E-3 | Pushbutton Location Area |
| Figure 4E-4 | Typical Pushbutton Locations |
| CHAPTER 4F. | PEDESTRIAN HYBRID BEACONS |
| Figure 4F-1 | Guidelines for the Installation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons on Low-Speed Roadways |
| Figure 4F-2 | Guidelines for the Installation of Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons on High-Speed Roadways |
| Figure 4F-3 | Sequence for a Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon |
| CHAPTER 4G. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS AND HYBRID BEACONS FOR EMERGENCY-VEHICLE ACCESS |
| Figure 4G-1 | Sequence for an Emergency-Vehicle Hybrid Beacon |
| CHAPTER 4M. | LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS |
| Figure 4M-1 | Left-Turn Lane-Use Control Signals |
| CHAPTER 4C. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES |
|---|---|
| Table 4C-1 | Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume |
| Table 4C-2 | Warrant 9, Adjustment Factor for Daily Frequency of Rail Traffic |
| Table 4C-3 | Warrant 9, Adjustment Factor for Percentage of High-Occupancy Buses |
| Table 4C-4 | Warrant 9, Adjustment Factor for Percentage of Tractor-Trailer Trucks |
| CHAPTER 4D. | TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES |
| Table 4D-1 | Recommended Minimum Number of Primary Signal Faces for Through Traffic on Approaches with Posted, Statutory, or 85th-Percentile Speed of 45 mph or Higher |
| Table 4D-2 | Minimum Sight Distance for Signal Visibility |
