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Part 4. Highway Traffic Signals

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PART 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4A. GENERAL
Section 4A.01 Types
Section 4A.02 Definitions Relating to Highway Traffic Signals
 
CHAPTER 4B. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS — GENERAL
Section 4B.01 General
Section 4B.02 Basis of Installation or Removal of Traffic Control Signals
Section 4B.03 Advantages and Disadvantages of Traffic Control Signals
Section 4B.04 Alternatives to Traffic Control Signals
Section 4B.05 Adequate Roadway Capacity
 
CHAPTER 4C. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES
Section 4C.01 Studies and Factors for Justifying Traffic Control Signals
Section 4C.02 Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume
Section 4C.03 Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume
Section 4C.04 Warrant 3, Peak Hour
Section 4C.05 Warrant 4, Pedestrian Volume
Section 4C.06 Warrant 5, School Crossing
Section 4C.07 Warrant 6, Coordinated Signal System
Section 4C.08 Warrant 7, Crash Experience
Section 4C.09 Warrant 8, Roadway Network
 
CHAPTER 4D. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES
Section 4D.01 General
Section 4D.02 Responsibility for Operation and Maintenance
Section 4D.03 Provisions for Pedestrians
Section 4D.04 Meaning of Vehicular Signal Indications
Section 4D.05 Application of Steady Signal Indications
Section 4D.06 Application of Steady Signal Indications for Left Turns
Section 4D.07 Application of Steady Signal Indications for Right Turns
Section 4D.08 Prohibited Steady Signal Indications
Section 4D.09 Unexpected Conflicts During Green or Yellow Intervals
Section 4D.10 Yellow Change and Red Clearance Intervals
Section 4D.11 Application of Flashing Signal Indications
Section 4D.12 Flashing Operation of Traffic Control Signals
Section 4D.13 Preemption and Priority Control of Traffic Control Signals
Section 4D.14 Coordination of Traffic Control Signals
Section 4D.15 Size, Number, and Location of Signal Faces by Approach
Section 4D.16 Number and Arrangement of Signal Sections in Vehicular Traffic Control Signal Faces
Section 4D.17 Visibility, Shielding, and Positioning of Signal Faces
Section 4D.18 Design, Illumination, and Color of Signal Sections
Section 4D.19 Lateral Placement of Signal Supports and Cabinets
Section 4D.20 Temporary Traffic Control Signals
Section 4D.21 Traffic Signal Signs, Auxiliary
 
CHAPTER 4E. PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES
Section 4E.01 Pedestrian Signal Heads
Section 4E.02 Meaning of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications
Section 4E.03 Application of Pedestrian Signal Heads
Section 4E.04 Size, Design, and Illumination of Pedestrian Signal Head Indications
Section 4E.05 Location and Height of Pedestrian Signal Heads
Section 4E.06 Accessible Pedestrian Signals
Section 4E.07 Countdown Pedestrian Signals
Section 4E.08 Pedestrian Detectors
Section 4E.09 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Detectors
Section 4E.10 Pedestrian Intervals and Signal Phases
 
CHAPTER 4F. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR EMERGENCY VEHICLE ACCESS
Section 4F.01 Applications of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals
Section 4F.02 Design of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals
Section 4F.03 Operation of Emergency-Vehicle Traffic Control Signals
 
CHAPTER 4G. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR ONE-LANE, TWO-WAY FACILITIES
Section 4G.01 Application of Traffic Control Signals for One-Lane, Two-Way Facilities
Section 4G.02 Design of Traffic Control Signals for One-Lane, Two-Way Facilities
Section 4G.03 Operation of Traffic Control Signals for One-Lane, Two-Way Facilities
   
CHAPTER 4H. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNALS FOR FREEWAY ENTRANCE RAMPS
Section 4H.01 Application of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals
Section 4H.02 Design of Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals
 
CHAPTER 4I. TRAFFIC CONTROL FOR MOVABLE BRIDGES
Section 4I.01 Application of Traffic Control for Movable Bridges
Section 4I.02 Design and Location of Movable Bridge Signals and Gates
Section 4I.03 Operation of Movable Bridge Signals and Gates
   
CHAPTER 4J. LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS
Section 4J.01 Application of Lane-Use Control Signals
Section 4J.02 Meaning of Lane-Use Control Signal Indications
Section 4J.03 Design of Lane-Use Control Signals
Section 4J.04 Operation of Lane-Use Control Signals
 
CHAPTER 4K. FLASHING BEACONS
Section 4K.01 General Design and Operation of Flashing Beacons
Section 4K.02 Intersection Control Beacon
Section 4K.03 Warning Beacon
Section 4K.04 Speed Limit Sign Beacon
Section 4K.05 Stop Beacon
   
CHAPTER 4L. IN-ROADWAY LIGHTS
Section 4L.01 Application of In-Roadway Lights
Section 4L.02 In-Roadway Warning Lights at Crosswalks

PART 4 FIGURES
CHAPTER 4C. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES
Figure 4C-1 Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume
Figure 4C-2 Warrant 2, Four-Hour Vehicular Volume (70% Factor)
Figure 4C-3 Warrant 3, Peak Hour
Figure 4C-4 Warrant 3, Peak Hour (70% Factor)
   
CHAPTER 4D. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES
Figure 4D-1 Maximum Mounting Height of Signal Faces Located Between 12 Meters (4 Feet) and 16 Meters (53 Feet) from Stop Line
Figure 4D-2 Horizontal Location of Signal Faces
Figure 4D-3 Typical Arrangements of Signal Lenses in Signal Faces
   
CHAPTER 4E. PEDESTRIAN CONTROL FEATURES
Figure 4E-1 Typical Pedestrian Signal Indications
Figure 4E-2 Recommended Pushbutton Locations for Accessible Pedestrian Signals
   
CHAPTER 4J. LANE-USE CONTROL SIGNALS
Figure 4J-1 Left-Turn Lane-Use Control Signals

PART 4 TABLES
CHAPTER 4C. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL NEEDS STUDIES
Table 4C-1 Warrant 1, Eight-Hour Vehicular Volume
   
CHAPTER 4D. TRAFFIC CONTROL SIGNAL FEATURES
Table 4D-1 Minimum Sight Distance

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